EVOLUTION OF VARIATION AND VARIABILITY UNDER FLUCTUATING, STABILIZING, AND DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
EVOLUTION OF VARIATION AND VARIABILITY UNDER FLUCTUATING, STABILIZING, AND DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
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波动、稳定和破坏性选择下变异性和变异性的演变
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Houle
中科院分区：
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作者：
C. Pélabon;T. F. Hansen;A. Carter;D. Houle
变化和可变性（变化的能力）如何响应选择仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。事实上，不同选择机制对渠道化和发育稳定性等变分特性的影响仍存在争议。我们分析了 20 代以上在波动、破坏和稳定选择下维持的黑腹果蝇种群中两个翅形性状的个体间和个体内变异模式。还分析了翅膀尺寸的变化模式，这不是选择的直接目标。破坏性选择显着增加了两个形状性状的表型变异，但翅膀大小的表型变异未改变。波动和稳定选择始终减少所有性状的表型变异。相比之下，在所有选择制度下，所有性状的个体内部变异（通过波动不对称水平来衡量）都会增加。这些结果表明，管道化和发育稳定性是可进化的，并且可能由不同的潜在遗传机制控制，但进化反应与对变异选择的适应性反应不一致。选择也会影响方向不对称的模式，尽管不同性状和处理之间的情况不一致。
How variation and variability (the capacity to vary) may respond to selection remain open questions. Indeed, effects of different selection regimes on variational properties, such as canalization and developmental stability are under debate. We analyzed the patterns of among‐ and within‐individual variation in two wing‐shape characters in populations of Drosophila melanogaster maintained under fluctuating, disruptive, and stabilizing selection for more than 20 generations. Patterns of variation in wing size, which was not a direct target of selection, were also analyzed. Disruptive selection dramatically increased phenotypic variation in the two shape characters, but left phenotypic variation in wing size unaltered. Fluctuating and stabilizing selection consistently decreased phenotypic variation in all traits. In contrast, within‐individual variation, measured by the level of fluctuating asymmetry, increased for all traits under all selection regimes. These results suggest that canalization and developmental stability are evolvable and presumably controlled by different underlying genetic mechanisms, but the evolutionary responses are not consistent with an adaptive response to selection on variation. Selection also affected patterns of directional asymmetry, although inconsistently across traits and treatments.