Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activities of α-Pinene and 3-Carene onSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activities of α-Pinene and 3-Carene onSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
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DOI：
10.3390/insects11080540
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Mbata, George N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Langsi, Jacob D.;Nukenine, Elias N.;Mbata, George N.
为了确保粮食安全，需要成熟的收获后害虫管理工具来确保谷物和加工食品免受虫害。多年来，植物和植物产品已被证明具有很强的杀虫特性。喀麦隆的农民使用柏树叶（Cupressus sempervirens）作为对付玉米象鼻虫（Sitophilus zeamais）的杀虫剂。从柏树中提取的两种纯化合物（α-Pinene和3-Carene）对玉米象甲进行了接触和熏蒸毒性试验。这两种化合物都表现出对成虫和未成熟象鼻虫的功效。这些化合物对贮藏玉米的颜色无明显影响，可作为新型玉米杀虫剂开发利用。撒哈拉以南大多数自给农业的虫害防治主要涉及使用植物药，这些植物药以粉末、溶剂提取物、灰烬或精油的形式施用。在实验室条件下，研究了从墨西哥柏中提取的两种氢化单萜（α-蒎烯和3-<$烯）对玉米象成虫和幼象的触杀和熏蒸效果，以及对后代产量和谷粒损害的影响。在以下浓度下研究了萜烯的接触毒性：0.08、4、8和12 ppm（萜烯/玉米），而在以下剂量下研究了熏蒸作用：1、2、3和4 ppm。结果表明，杀虫效果是浓度依赖性的，因为死亡率随着剂量和接触时间的增加而增加。在浓度为12 ppm的α-薇烯和3-$>烯/谷物下暴露14天后，浓度分别为4.1333和1.642 ppm的成熟象鼻虫死亡率超过98%，后代产量分别减少98%和100%。当α-蒎烯和3-<$烯作为熏蒸剂，LC 50（致死浓度，产生50%的死亡率）的1.402和0.610 ppm的曝光后，分别获得。在3 ppm以上的浓度，单萜类作为驱避剂象鼻虫和减少80%的粮食损失。这两种单萜类化合物都抑制了象鼻虫未成熟阶段的发育，并减少了高达94%的后代。这些化合物是非常有前途的和有效的，可以开发作为新的植物杀虫剂对玉米象。
Simple Summary In order to assure food security, proven postharvest pest management tools are needed to secure grains and processed food from insect infestations. Plants and plant products have over the years been proven to possess great insecticidal properties. Farmers in Cameroon use cypress leaves (Cupressus sempervirens) as pesticide against the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). Two pure compounds (alpha-Pinene and 3-Carene) from cypress were tested against the maize weevil for contact and fumigant toxicities. Both compounds demonstrated efficacies against both adult and immature weevils. These compounds did not change the color of the treated stored maize and could be exploited as novel maize insecticides. Pest management in most sub-Saharan subsistence agriculture involves mainly the use of botanicals that are either applied as powders, solvent extracts, ash or essential oils. Two hydrogenated monoterpenes (alpha-pinene and 3-carene) fromCupressus sempervirenswere tested againstSitophilus zeamaisin the laboratory to evaluate the contact and fumigation effects on the mortality of adult and immature weevils, progeny production, and grain damage. Contact toxicity of the terpenes was investigated at these concentrations: 0.08, 4, 8 and 12 ppm (terpene/maize), while fumigant action was studied at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm. The results indicate that insecticidal effects were concentration-dependent since mortality increased with dosage and exposure periods. After a 14-day exposure period at the concentration of 12 ppm of alpha-pinene and 3-carene/grain, more than 98% mortality of the mature weevils was observed at concentrations of 4.1333 and 1.642 ppm respectively and progeny production was reduced by 98% and 100%, respectively. When alpha-pinene and 3-carene were applied as fumigants, LC50s(lethal concentrations that generate 50% mortality) of 1.402 and 0.610 ppm were obtained after 24 h of exposure, respectively. At concentrations above 3 ppm, both monoterpenes acted as repellents to weevils and reduced grain damage by 80%. Both monoterpenes inhibited the development of immature stages of the weevil and reduced progeny by up to 94%. These compounds are very promising and effective and could be exploited as novel phytoinsecticides against the maize weevil.