Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China
Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China
复制标题
中国农田施肥带来的氮磷损失及富营养化潜力
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.008
复制
发表时间：
2017-08-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ren, Pin-an
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Jing;Xu, Chang-chun;Ren, Pin-an
在过去的几十年里，氮（N）和磷（P）肥料的增加施用显著提高了中国的作物产量和粮食安全。然而，这也导致了内陆和沿海沃茨中水生物富营养化的严重问题。本研究利用中国污染源普查数据集，分析了中国主要种植制度的氮、磷流失。相关的富营养化影响，包括淡水富营养化潜力（FEP）和海洋富营养化潜力（MEP），然后使用空间明确的表征模型进行量化。大的空间和作物的具体变化，氮和磷的损失。例如，在露地和覆盖系统中，蔬菜种植的净氮淋失范围为0.78至23.66 kg ha（-1）。种植面积大的省份贡献了最大的总养分负荷。然而，应用空间明确的表征因子（CFs）导致识别的富营养化热点，不简单地与库存的营养物质排放。海南、云南、广东、广西和福建是全球磷碳通量最高的地区，对全球全磷排放的贡献最大（79.9%）。中国的粮仓省份，如湖南，湖北和四川省的高损失和当地的CF的P和N，对当地的FEP和MEP的贡献显着。湖南、湖北和四川分别占当地固定资产投资总额的10.1%、9.8%和9.2%，占当地固定资产投资总额的7.7%、8.4%和9.0%。在这些热点区域采取战略行动将最有利于应对水生富营养化挑战。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Increased application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer has significantly improved crop yields and food security in China over the past several decades. However, this has also led to serious problems of aquatic eutrophication in inland and coastal waters. This study analyzed N and P losses from major cropping systems across China using the China Pollution Source Census dataset. The associated eutrophication impacts, including freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP) and marine eutrophication potential (MEP), were then quantified using spatially-explicit characterization models. Large spatial and crop specific variations in N and P loss were identified. For example, net N leaching varied from 0.78 to 23.66 kg ha(-1) for vegetable cropping in open fields and covered systems. Provinces with large cropping areas contributed the largest total nutrient loads. However, the application of spatially-explicit characterization factors (CFs) led to the identification of eutrophication hotspots that were not simply correlated with the inventory of nutrient emissions. Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian, with high global CFs for P, contributed the most (79.9%) to the total global FEP. China's breadbasket provinces with high losses and local CFs for both P and N, such as Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan, contributed significantly to both local FEP and MEP. Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan accounted for 10.1%, 9.8% and 9.2% to the total local FEP, respectively; and accounted for 7.7%, 8.4% and 9.0% to the total local MEP, respectively. Strategic actions in these hotspot regions would be most beneficial in addressing aquatic eutrophication challenges.(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.