THE EFFECTS OF ARMS AND COUNTERMOVEMENT ON VERTICAL JUMPING
THE EFFECTS OF ARMS AND COUNTERMOVEMENT ON VERTICAL JUMPING
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DOI：
10.1249/00005768-199012000-00015
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发表时间：
1990-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
ROSENSTEIN, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HARMAN, EA;ROSENSTEIN, MT;ROSENSTEIN, RM
反向运动和手臂摆动是大多数跳跃的特征。为了确定它们的影响和相互作用，18名男性从一个力平台跳到最大高度，在所有四个组合的手臂摆动/无手臂摆动和反向运动/无反向运动。对于所有的跳跃，垂直速度在0.03秒前达到峰值，起飞时下降6 - 7%。峰值正功率平均超过3，000 W，发生在起飞前约0.07 s，在峰值垂直地面反作用力（VGRF）之后不久，正好在峰值垂直速度之前。反向运动和摆臂均能显著提高起跳高度（P <0.05），但摆臂的作用更大，使起跳前后的最大全身质量中心（Twestcenter，Twestcenter）升高。反向运动只影响起飞后的上升。摆臂导致更高的峰值VGRF和峰值正功率。在对抗运动中，使用武器会导致更少的减重，更慢和更少的Tweep下降，以及更少的负功率。反向运动增加起飞前跳跃持续时间71 - 76%，增加平均正功率，并产生大的正和负冲动。高重测信度显示跳跃描述变量。体重与起飞后峰值Tweight上升一起有效地预测了峰值功率（多个R2 = 0.89，估计的标准误差= 243 W）。结果提供洞察跳跃技术是最适合给定的运动情况，并表明跳跃测试可以有效地用于估计峰值功率输出。
Countermovement and arm-swing characterize most jumping. For determination of their effects and interaction, 18 males jumped for maximal height from a force platform in all four combinations of arm-swing/no-arm-swing and countermovement/no-countermovement. For all jumps, vertical velocity peaked 0.03 s before and dropped 6-7% by takeoff. Peak positive power averaged over 3,000 W, and occurred about 0.07 s before takeoff, shortly after peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and just before peak vertical velocity. Both countermovement and arm-swing significantly (P < 0.05) improved jump height, but arm-swing''s effect was greater, enhancing peak total body center of mass (TBCM) rise both pre and posttakeoff. Countermovement only affected the post-takeoff rise. The arm-swing resulted in higher peak VGRF and peak positive power. During countermovement, the use of arms resulted in less unweighting, slower and less extensive TBCM drop, and less negative power. Countermovement increased pretakeoff jump duration by 71-76%, increased average positive power, and yielded large positive and negative impulses. High test-retest reliability was shown for jump descriptive variables. Body weight together with peak posttakeoff TBCM rise effectively predicted peak power (multiple R2 = 0.89, standard error of estimate = 243 W). The results lend insight into which jumping techniques are most appropriate for given sports situations and indicate that a jump test can effectively be used to estimate peak power output.