The virus in the rivers: histories and antibiotic afterlives of the bacteriophage at the sangam in Allahabad
The virus in the rivers: histories and antibiotic afterlives of the bacteriophage at the sangam in Allahabad
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河流中的病毒：阿拉哈巴德桑加姆噬菌体的历史和抗生素的后遗症
DOI：
10.1098/rsnr.2020.0019
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kochhar, Rijul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kochhar, Rijul
印度两条主要河流恒河和亚穆纳河的交汇处(Sangam)位于阿拉哈巴德市。在这些河水中进行仪式浸泡被尊崇，因为它们被认为具有对抗感染的疗效，并从出生和重生的业力循环中拯救出来。河流的神圣和地理倾向在印度教和其他宗教传统中具有神话般的价值。然而，这些河水与细菌学的联系也有历史微生物学的基础：在这里附近，英国细菌学家欧内斯特·汉伯里·汉金于1896年首次描述了“贾穆纳河和恒河水对霍乱微生物的杀菌作用”，比细菌病毒(现在称为噬菌体)的发现至少早了20年。追寻这些净化水在神圣著作和民间传说中的记录，以及后来在汉金作品中的阐述，本文追溯了一种时间认识论，它将神话与后汉肯现代科学联系起来，询问如何通过信仰、污秽和噬菌体的习语来表达对水的抗菌特性的想象。这篇论文探讨了噬菌体病毒是如何在关于感染和河流污染的世俗和神圣的认识论中被谈论的，在当代历史学家、生物学家和医生中，以及在城市的博物馆中。同时，它追溯了历史上的噬菌体，从古代宗教文献开始，到殖民时期的疾病控制努力，直到今天，噬菌体被认为是应对全球抗菌素耐药性(AMR)危机的潜在对策。阿拉哈巴德展现了一种信仰、污秽和噬菌体密不可分的“宇宙技术”，在自然生态、文化实践和科学想象之间产生了复杂的三角关系。因此，宇宙技术公司开辟了新的途径，将噬菌体重新想象为一个千变万化的物体，在今天阿拉哈巴德的历史神话科学竞技场中占据了部分和多个空间。
The confluence (sangam) of India's two major rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna, is located in the city of Allahabad. Ritualistic dips in these river waters are revered for their believed curative power against infections, and salvation from the karmic cycles of birth and rebirth. The sacred and geographic propensities of the rivers have mythic valences in Hinduism and other religious traditions. Yet the connection of these river waters with curativeness also has a base in historical microbiology: near here, the British bacteriologist Ernest Hanbury Hankin, in 1896, first described the ‘bactericidal action of the waters of the Jamuna and Ganges rivers on Cholera microbes’, predating the discovery of bacterial viruses (now known as bacteriophages) by at least two decades. Pursuing the record of these purificatory waters in sacred writings and folklore, and later elaboration in the work of Hankin, this paper traces an epistemology of time that connects the mythic to the post-Hankin modern scientific, asking how imaginations of the waters’ antibacterial properties are articulated through idioms of faith, filth and the phage. The paper explores how the bacteriophage virus comes to be spoken about within secular and sacred epistemes of infection and riverine pollution, among contemporary historians, biologists and doctors, and in the city's museums. At the same time, it traces the phage in histories arcing from the ancient religious literature, to colonial disease control efforts, to today, where bacteriophages are being conceived as a potential response to the crisis of planetary antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Allahabad presents a ‘cosmotechnics’ where faith, filth and phage are inextricably intertwined, generating complex triangulations between natural ecologies, cultural practices and scientific imaginations. Cosmotechnics therefore opens up novel avenues to reimagine the phage as a protean object, one that occupies partial and multiple spaces in the historico-mytho-scientific arena of Allahabad today.
朝圣与权力：阿拉哈巴德的大壶节，1765-1954 年。（纽约，纽约：牛津大学出版社，2008 年。第 xv 页，344。74.00 美元。）
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Elisabeth R. O’Connell
通讯作者：
Elisabeth R. O’Connell
神圣科学：印度教民族主义的生命政治
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Banu Subramaniam
通讯作者：
Banu Subramaniam
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Patel, Dev Raj;Bhartiya, Satyanam K.;Nath, Gopal
通讯作者：
Nath, Gopal