Precision mitochondrial medicine

Precision mitochondrial medicine
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精准线粒体医学

DOI:
10.1017/pcm.2022.8
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Precision Medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Chinnery P
Chinnery P
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chinnery P

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线粒体作为细胞内能量(三磷酸腺苷)的主要来源,以及作为调节许多典型细胞过程的代谢枢纽,在细胞内稳态中发挥关键作用。线粒体功能障碍已被广泛记录在许多常见疾病中,遗传学研究指出在特定迟发性疾病的发病机制中的因果作用。总之,这使得靶向线粒体基因成为精准医学的一个有吸引力的策略。然而,线粒体生物发生的遗传学是复杂的,在两个不同的基因组中发现了1,100多个候选基因:核DNA和线粒体DNA(mtDNA)。在这里,我们回顾了目前的证据关联线粒体遗传变异与不同的临床表型,其中一些具有明确的治疗意义。通过对罕见遗传性线粒体疾病的调查,已经出现了最有力的证据,但全基因组关联研究也暗示mtDNA变异与常见疾病的风险有关,为将线粒体遗传变异分析纳入人群疾病风险分层打开了大门。
Mitochondria play a key role in cell homeostasis as a major source of intracellular energy (adenosine triphosphate), and as metabolic hubs regulating many canonical cell processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely documented in many common diseases, and genetic studies point towards a causal role in the pathogenesis of specific late-onset disorder. Together this makes targeting mitochondrial genes an attractive strategy for precision medicine. However, the genetics of mitochondrial biogenesis is complex, with over 1,100 candidate genes found in two different genomes: the nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we review the current evidence associating mitochondrial genetic variants with distinct clinical phenotypes, with some having clear therapeutic implications. The strongest evidence has emerged through the investigation of rare inherited mitochondrial disorders, but genome-wide association studies also implicate mtDNA variants in the risk of developing common diseases, opening to door for the incorporation of mitochondrial genetic variant analysis in population disease risk stratification.
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