Radar Altimetry as a Robust Tool for Monitoring the Active Lava Lake at Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
Radar Altimetry as a Robust Tool for Monitoring the Active Lava Lake at Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
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DOI：
10.1029/2018gl079177
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发表时间：
2018-09-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Kyle, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peters, N. J.;Oppenheimer, C.;Kyle, P.
火山导管内的熔岩水平反映了相连的岩浆储集层内的超压。因此，对熔岩水平的持续监测可以提供对火山过程的重要洞察，并有助于进行危险评估。然而，准确测量熔岩水平并非易事，部分原因是经常有浓重的烟雾阻碍光学技术。在这里，我们介绍了第一个为监测熔岩水平而设计的雷达仪器，并报告了它在南极埃里巴斯火山的成功运行。我们描述了提取熔岩湖水位时间序列所遵循的硬件和数据处理步骤，展示了我们可以很容易地解决以前在埃里巴斯火山发现的大约1M湖水位的周期性变化。雷达(在零下30摄氏度左右的温度下连续自动收集数据)的性能表明，这种方法适合在埃里巴斯和其他有熔岩的火山进行持续的自动测量。简单的语言摘要活动熔岩湖是火山岩浆管道系统暴露的顶部。虽然它们只在世界范围内的少数几个火山中发现，但它们很重要，因为它们可以直接测量其他火山发生在地下和看不见的岩浆过程。这些湖泊的表面水位是一个需要监测的重要参数，因为它反映了下伏岩浆系统中的压力变化。然而，它的测量非常困难，因为它们的表面经常被从熔岩中散发出的火山气体所掩盖。我们开发了第一台监测熔岩湖水位的雷达仪器，可以有效地穿透火山气体，提供无论能见度如何都能准确测量湖水位的仪器。该雷达部署在南极洲埃里巴斯火山，并成功记录了迄今为止对其熔岩湖表面水平进行的持续时间最长的测量。该雷达能够清楚地分辨出以前在埃里巴斯记录的湖泊水位的米级变化。我们的研究表明，雷达是对熔岩湖进行长期研究的一个有前途的解决方案，我们正在努力将我们的设计改进为一种可操作的工具，以支持世界各地其他火山的火山学研究和危险评估。
The level of lava within a volcanic conduit reflects the overpressure within a connected magma reservoir. Continuous monitoring of lava level can therefore provide critical insights into volcanic processes and aid hazard assessment. However, accurate measurements of lava level are not easy to make, partly owing to the often dense fumes that hinder optical techniques. Here we present the first radar instrument designed for the purpose of monitoring lava level and report on its successful operation at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. We describe the hardware and data-processing steps followed to extract a time series of lava lake level, demonstrating that we can readily resolve approximate to 1m cyclic variations in lake level that have previously been recognized at Erebus volcano. The performance of the radar (continuous, automated data collection in temperatures of around -30 degrees C) indicates the suitability of this approach for sustained automated measurements at Erebus and other volcanoes with lava lakes.Plain Language Summary Active lava lakes are the exposed top of a volcano's magmatic plumbing system. Although only found at a handful of volcanoes worldwide, they are important because they allow direct measurements of magmatic processes which at other volcanoes occur underground and out of sight. The surface level of these lakes is an important parameter to monitor, because it reflects pressure changes in the underlying magmatic system. However, it is remarkably difficult to measure, because their surface is often obscured by the volcanic gases emanating from the lava. We have developed the first radar instrument for monitoring lava lake level, which can effectively see through the volcanic gases, providing an accurate measure of lake level regardless of visibility. The radar was deployed at Erebus volcano, Antarctica and successfully recorded the longest-duration measurements of its lava lake's surface level made to date. The radar was able to clearly resolve the meter-scale variations in lake level that have previously been documented at Erebus. Our study shows that radar is a promising solution for long-duration studies of lava lakes, and we are working on refining our design into an operational tool to support volcanological studies and hazard assessment at other volcanoes around the world.