Pathogenic organization in science: Division of labor and retractions
Pathogenic organization in science: Division of labor and retractions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.respol.2018.09.004
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
John P. Walsh;You-Na Lee;L. Tang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John P. Walsh;You-Na Lee;L. Tang
科学日益成为一种团队活动，团队的规模一直在增长。与此同时，也有人担心科学中的病理率越来越高。团队科学的发展表明，需要超越个人层面的解释，专注于组织结构和制度背景，以解释科学中的病理学。根据有关组织病理学的文献，我们认为劳动分工可能是导致科学中病理学的一个关键因素。此外，我们考察了高风险激励和机构腐败的影响，作为科学病理的额外预测因素。使用撤回作为病理指标，并利用195篇撤回的论文和349篇未撤回的配对论文的匹配样本，我们开发了生产论文的团队中的分工指标，发现随着分工的增加(扣除团队规模)，撤回的比率更高。此外，我们发现，高风险的激励和机构腐败也与撤资增加有关。最后，我们讨论了这些发现对科学政策的影响，特别是对组织团队科学项目的影响。
Science is increasingly a team activity, and the size of the teams has been growing. At the same time, there are concerns about an increasing rate of pathologies in science. The growth of team science suggests the need to look beyond individual-level explanations and focus on organizational structures and institutional contexts to explain pathologies in science. Drawing on the literature on organizational pathologies, we argue that division of labor may be a key factor contributing to pathologies in science. Furthermore, we examine the effects of high-stakes incentives and of institutional corruption as additional predictors of scientific pathologies. Using retractions as an indicator of pathologies, and drawing on a matched sample of 195 retracted papers and 349 paired papers that were not retracted, we develop indicators of the division of labor in the team that produced a paper and find that the rate of retractions is higher as the division of labor increases (net of team size). Additionally, we find that high-stakes incentives and institutional corruption are also associated with increased retractions. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for science policy, in particular for organizing team science projects.