Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain.
Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-021-95003-9
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发表时间：
2021-08-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Reifman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rubio JE;Unnikrishnan G;Sajja VSSS;Van Albert S;Rossetti F;Skotak M;Alay E;Sundaramurthy A;Subramaniam DR;Long JB;Chandra N;Reifman J
爆炸引起的冲击波与头部的相互作用（即，直接机构）或躯干（即，间接机制）可能导致创伤性脑损伤。然而，对每种机制在导致这种损伤中的潜在作用的理解仍然有限。为了解决这一知识差距，我们的特点是在大鼠脑组织中的变化所产生的直接和间接的机制，在24小时后爆炸曝光。为此，我们进行了单独的冲击波暴露在冲击管中的大鼠在130千帕的入射超压，同时使用全身，头部，躯干配置，以描绘每个机制。然后，我们进行了组织病理学（银染色）和免疫组织化学（GFAP，Iba-1和NeuN染色）分析，以评估每种机制引起的脑组织变化。与对照组相比，我们的结果表明，躯干只暴露大鼠没有显着变化。相比之下，我们观察到全身暴露（GFAP和银染色）和仅头部暴露（银染色）大鼠的显著变化。此外，我们的分析表明，如果暴露条件相似，仅头部暴露引起的变化与全身暴露观察到的变化相似。总之，我们的研究结果表明，直接机制是爆炸引起的脑组织变化的主要贡献者。
The interaction of explosion-induced blast waves with the head (i.e., a direct mechanism) or with the torso (i.e., an indirect mechanism) presumably causes traumatic brain injury. However, the understanding of the potential role of each mechanism in causing this injury is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the changes in the brain tissue of rats resulting from the direct and indirect mechanisms at 24 h following blast exposure. To this end, we conducted separate blast-wave exposures on rats in a shock tube at an incident overpressure of 130 kPa, while using whole-body, head-only, and torso-only configurations to delineate each mechanism. Then, we performed histopathological (silver staining) and immunohistochemical (GFAP, Iba-1, and NeuN staining) analyses to evaluate brain-tissue changes resulting from each mechanism. Compared to controls, our results showed no significant changes in torso-only-exposed rats. In contrast, we observed significant changes in whole-body-exposed (GFAP and silver staining) and head-only-exposed rats (silver staining). In addition, our analyses showed that a head-only exposure causes changes similar to those observed for a whole-body exposure, provided the exposure conditions are similar. In conclusion, our results suggest that the direct mechanism is the major contributor to blast-induced changes in brain tissues.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Pun PB;Kan EM;Salim A;Li Z;Ng KC;Moochhala SM;Ling EA;Tan MH;Lu J
通讯作者：
Lu J
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kuriakose M;Skotak M;Misistia A;Kahali S;Sundaramurthy A;Chandra N
通讯作者：
Chandra N
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Goldstein LE;Fisher AM;Tagge CA;Zhang XL;Velisek L;Sullivan JA;Upreti C;Kracht JM;Ericsson M;Wojnarowicz MW;Goletiani CJ;Maglakelidze GM;Casey N;Moncaster JA;Minaeva O;Moir RD;Nowinski CJ;Stern RA;Cantu RC;Geiling J;Blusztajn JK;Wolozin BL;Ikezu T;Stein TD;Budson AE;Kowall NW;Chargin D;Sharon A;Saman S;Hall GF;Moss WC;Cleveland RO;Tanzi RE;Stanton PK;McKee AC
通讯作者：
McKee AC
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Rama Rao KV;Iring S;Younger D;Kuriakose M;Skotak M;Alay E;Gupta RK;Chandra N
通讯作者：
Chandra N
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Miller AP;Shah AS;Aperi BV;Kurpad SN;Stemper BD;Glavaski-Joksimovic A
通讯作者：
Glavaski-Joksimovic A