How does building healthy soils impact sustainable use of water resources in irrigated agriculture?
How does building healthy soils impact sustainable use of water resources in irrigated agriculture?
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DOI：
10.1525/elementa.2022.00043
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Acevedo;Hannah Waterhouse;F. Barrios-Masias;J. Dierks;Leah L R Renwick;Timothy M. Bowles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Acevedo;Hannah Waterhouse;F. Barrios-Masias;J. Dierks;Leah L R Renwick;Timothy M. Bowles
随着蓝色水资源变得越来越稀缺，干旱和过度使用越来越频繁，灌溉农业面临着在保持高水平作物生产的同时减少水足迹的重大挑战。建设土壤健康一直被吹捧为增强农业生态系统抗旱能力的重要手段，主要侧重于通过增加入渗和土壤储水量来依赖绿水的雨化系统。然而，在灌溉农业区，绿水往往只占作物总用水预算的一小部分。为了探讨土壤健康管理如何影响灌溉系统中的水资源，我们回顾了土壤健康如何影响土壤水流、植物-土壤-微生物相互作用以及植物水分捕获和生产性利用。我们评估这些影响如何与灌溉管理相互作用，以帮助更可持续地使用绿色和蓝色水。我们展示了土壤健康管理如何(1)优化绿水供应(例如，通过增加入渗和土壤储水量)，(2)最大限度地增加生产性水流(例如，通过减少蒸发和支持作物生长)，以及(3)减少蓝水提取(例如，通过最小化水分胁迫对作物生产力的影响)。要量化土壤健康改善水资源管理的潜力，就需要开展研究，重点研究不同灌溉和作物管理战略下的绿水和蓝水供应以及作物生产的结果。这些信息可用于改进更精细尺度的作物、土壤和水力模型并将其参数化，而这些模型又必须与更大尺度的水文模型联系起来，以解决流域或区域尺度上的关键水资源管理问题。虽然土壤健康--水综合管理战略在节约用水方面有相当大的潜力--特别是与提高田间用水效率但往往增加区域用水的灌溉技术相比--但向这些战略的过渡将不仅仅取决于技术上的理解，还必须包括解决相互关联的结构和体制障碍。通过确定一系列增强土壤健康可以提高对水资源限制的适应能力的方法，并确定关键的研究方向，我们为旨在使灌溉农业适应日益严峻的未来的研究和政策重点提供了信息。
As blue water resources become increasingly scarce with more frequent droughts and overuse, irrigated agriculture faces significant challenges to reduce its water footprint while maintaining high levels of crop production. Building soil health has been touted as an important means of enhancing the resilience of agroecosystems to drought, mainly with a focus in rainfed systems reliant on green water through increases in infiltration and soil water storage. Yet, green water often contributes only a small fraction of the total crop water budget in irrigated agricultural regions. To scope the potential for how soil health management could impact water resources in irrigated systems, we review how soil health affects soil water flows, plant–soil–microbe interactions, and plant water capture and productive use. We assess how these effects could interact with irrigation management to help make green and blue water use more sustainable. We show how soil health management could (1) optimize green water availability (e.g., by increasing infiltration and soil water storage), (2) maximize productive water flows (e.g., by reducing evaporation and supporting crop growth), and (3) reduce blue water withdrawals (e.g., by minimizing the impacts of water stress on crop productivity). Quantifying the potential of soil health to improve water resource management will require research that focuses on outcomes for green and blue water provisioning and crop production under different irrigation and crop management strategies. Such information could be used to improve and parameterize finer scale crop, soil, and hydraulic models, which in turn must be linked with larger scale hydrologic models to address critical water-resources management questions at watershed or regional scales. While integrated soil health-water management strategies have considerable potential to conserve water—especially compared to irrigation technologies that enhance field-level water use efficiency but often increase regional water use—transitions to these strategies will depend on more than technical understanding and must include addressing interrelated structural and institutional barriers. By scoping a range of ways enhancing soil health could improve resilience to water limitations and identifying key research directions, we inform research and policy priorities aimed at adapting irrigated agriculture to an increasingly challenging future.