Nature-based tourism in Indian protected areas: New challenges for park management
Nature-based tourism in Indian protected areas: New challenges for park management
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00154.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
DeFries, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karanth, Krithi K.;DeFries, Ruth
先前的研究表明，富裕国家前往保护区(PA)的人数正在下降，而在不太富裕的国家，外国游客的人数正在增加。我们把重点放在印度，以发现以自然为基础的旅游业在新兴经济体中的趋势和影响。我们采访了大约10个PA的91%的旅游设施，以评估访问、就业和实践。平均增长率为14.9%(从2002年至2008年班迪普尔的-7%到佩里亚尔的44%)，80%是国内游客。许多设施(2000年后的72%)是最近建造的，85%的设施位于保护区5公里以内。将一些保护区内的设施集中在一起，可能有助于更容易地管理资源使用情况和制定最佳做法准则。设施对当地就业的贡献微乎其微。管理人员和车辆进入的规则差异很大。国内以自然为基础的旅游业可能会为保护工作带来公众支持，但也增加了管理保护区的现有挑战，这些保护区已经面临着来自当地居民生计需求的压力。根据这些趋势，印度日益壮大的中产阶级可能会在未来产生对以自然为基础的旅游的需求，与工业化国家的趋势相反。迫切需要建立和执行法规，以管理保护区周围的游客、资源使用和土地利用变化。
Previous research indicates that numbers of visits to protected areas (PAs) are declining in wealthy countries while foreign visitation is increasing in less-wealthy countries. We focus on India to discern trends and implications of nature-based tourism in an emerging economy. We interviewed 91% of tourist facilities around 10 PAs to assess visitation, employment, and practices. Average growth rate was 14.9% (from -7% in Bandipur to 44% in Periyar from 2002 to 2008) and 80% are domestic tourists. Many facilities (72% post 2000) are recently constructed and 85% occur within 5 km of PAs. Clustering of facilities in some PAs might facilitate easier management of resource use and establishment of best practice guidelines. Contributions of facilities to local employment are marginal. Rules governing entry of people and vehicles vary widely. Domestic nature-based tourism potentially generates public support for conservation but adds to existing challenges of managing PAs already facing pressure from livelihood needs of local populations. Based on these trends, the increasing middle class in India is likely to generate future demand for nature-based tourism counter to trends in industrialized countries. There is urgent need for establishing and enforcing regulations to manage tourists, resource use, and land-use change around PAs.