Model-based training: an approach supporting operability of critical interactive systems
Model-based training: an approach supporting operability of critical interactive systems
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基于模型的培训：支持关键交互系统可操作性的方法
DOI：
10.1145/1996461.1996495
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Poupart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Martinie;Philippe A. Palanque;D. Navarre;M. Winckler;E. Poupart
安全关键系统的操作需要合格的操作员，他们对所使用的系统以及如何使用系统有详细的了解。教学设计与技术旨在分析，设计，实施，评估，维护和管理培训计划。在目前使用的许多方法和过程中，第一个被广泛利用的是教学系统开发（ISD），它已在许多分支中得到进一步发展，并且是系统培训方法（SAT）教学设计系列的一部分。这些过程的关键特征之一（至少当它们被细化时）是教学任务分析的重要性，特别是将工作分解为任务和子任务，以决定受训者必须获得哪些知识和技能。本文提出了利用这种系统的方法，目前用于交互式系统工程的基于模型的方法，以设计这样的培训计划，从而提高人的可靠性。本文解释了如何任务和交互式系统建模可以绑定到工作分析，以确保每个学员满足所需的性能目标。这样的培训确保了在拉斯穆森的技能规则知识（SRK）水平的三个层次上的适当学习。在案例研究中，我们描述了建立一个卫星地面段，这是基于和兼容的地面系统和操作ECSS标准的操作员的培训计划的过程。然后，我们建议加强这一进程与a）应用系统的方法来培训和B）使用系统模型和操作员任务模型。系统模型使用ICO符号构建，而运营商的目标和任务使用HAMSTERS符号描述。
Operation of safety critical systems requires qualified operators that have detailed knowledge about the system they are using and how it should be used. Instructional Design and Technology intends to analyze, design, implement, evaluate, maintain and manage training programs. Among the many methods and processes that are currently in use, the first one to be widely exploited was Instructional Systems Development (ISD) which has been further developed in many ramifications and is part of the Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) instructional design family. One of the key features of these processes (at least when they are refined) is the importance of Instructional Task Analysis, particularly the decomposition of a job in its tasks and sub-tasks in order to decide what knowledge and skills must be acquired by the trainee. This paper proposes to leverage this systematic approach using model-based approaches currently used for interactive systems engineering in order to design such training programs and thus to improve human reliability. The paper explains how task and interactive systems modeling can be bound to job analysis to ensure that each trainee meets the performance goals required. Such training ensures proper learning at the three levels of the Skills Rule Knowledge (SRK) levels of Rasmussen's. In the case study we describe the process for building a training program for operators of satellite ground segments, which is based on and compatible with the Ground Systems and Operations ECSS standard. Then, we propose to enhance this process with a) the application of a Systematic Approach to Training and b) the use of both a System Model and an Operator Task Model. The system model is build using the ICO notation while operators' goals and tasks are described using HAMSTERS notation.