Damage-Fitness Model: the missing piece in integrative stress models
Damage-Fitness Model: the missing piece in integrative stress models
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DOI：
10.1080/10253890.2019.1614556
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发表时间：
2019-05
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Haruka Wada
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文献类型：
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作者：
Haruka Wada
摘要在过去的十年里，已经提出了几个理论模型来描述动物如何对不利环境做出反应，以及这种反应在不同的生理需求下如何在生活史阶段发生变化。这些模型捕捉到了压力反应的背景和条件依赖性。然而，模型的应用一直是有限的，到目前为止，部分原因是因为每个模型解决了压力生物学领域面临的问题的不同方面。因此，有必要建立一个统一的理论模型，将生理需求的变化与生活史阶段和年龄，生理系统之间的错综复杂的关系，和双相性的压力反应。在这里，我提出了一个新的综合框架，损害健身模型。在这个模型中，调节剂，如DNA修复机制和糖皮质激素，作为抗损伤机制一起工作，以最大限度地减少细胞和生物体水平的损伤。当抗损害调节器不足或不适当时，持续损害累积。以前的研究表明，这些损害直接影响生殖性能，疾病风险和生存。监管机构的类型，他们被启动的阈值，以及响应的大小是由发展和当前的环境。该模型通过将我们的关注点从生理反应转移到压力反应的下游后果来统一现有的理论模型，从而规避了上下文特异性。讨论包括（1）拟议模型与现有模型的关系，（2）测试新模型的步骤，以及（3）如何使用该模型更好地评估个人和人群的健康。应激生理学领域面临着一个挑战，即当动物遇到应激源时，如何表征动态的细胞、生理和行为反应。本文提出了一个新的理论模型，该模型将压力避免、损伤修复和积累以及适应性成分联系起来。
Abstract Over the last decade, several theoretical models have been put forth to describe how animals respond to adverse environments and how this response changes under different physiological demands across life history stages. These models capture the context- and condition-dependent nature of stress responses. Yet, application of the models has been limited thus far in part because each model addresses different aspects of the problems facing the field of stress biology. Thus, there is a need for a unifying theoretical model that incorporates changes in physiological demand with life history stages and age, intricate relationships among physiological systems, and biphasic nature of stress responses. Here, I propose a new integrative framework, the Damage-Fitness Model. In this model, regulators, such as DNA repair mechanisms and glucocorticoids, work together as anti-damage mechanisms to minimize damage at both the cellular and organismal level. When the anti-damage regulators are insufficient or inappropriate, persistent damage accumulates. Previous studies indicate that these damage directly impact reproductive performance, disease risk, and survival. The types of regulators, the threshold at which they are initiated, and the magnitude of the responses are shaped by developmental and current environments. This model unites existing theoretical models by shifting our focus from physiological responses to downstream consequences of the stress responses, circumventing context specificity. Discussions include (1) how the proposed model relates to existing models, (2) steps to test the new model, and (3) how this model can be used to better assess the health of individuals and a population. Lay summary The field of stress physiology faces a challenge of characterizing dynamic cellular, physiological, and behavioral responses when animals encounter a stressor. This paper proposes a new theoretical model which links stress avoidance, damage repair and accumulation, and fitness components.