Retinal prosthetic strategy with the capacity to restore normal vision
Retinal prosthetic strategy with the capacity to restore normal vision
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1207035109
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发表时间：
2012-09-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pandarinath, Chethan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nirenberg, Sheila;Pandarinath, Chethan
视网膜修复术为患有视网膜退行性疾病的患者带来了希望。全球有 20-2500 万人因这些疾病失明或面临失明，而他们的治疗选择很少。药物疗法能够帮助一小部分人，但对于绝大多数人来说，他们最好的希望是通过假肢装置[查德等人的评论]。 (2009) 脑科学进展 175:317-332]。然而，当前的假肢所提供的视觉仍然非常有限：例如，它们只能感知光点和高对比度边缘，但不能感知自然图像。提高假肢能力的努力主要集中在提高设备刺激器（电极或光遗传学传感器）的分辨率上。在这里，我们表明第二个因素也很关键：用视网膜的神经代码驱动刺激器。使用鼠标作为模型系统，我们生成了一个包含代码的假肢系统。这极大地提高了系统的能力——远远超出了仅通过提高分辨率所能达到的效果。此外，结果表明，使用 9,800 个光遗传学刺激的神经节细胞反应，使用代码和高分辨率刺激的综合效果能够将假肢功能带入正常图像表示的领域。
Retinal prosthetics offer hope for patients with retinal degenerative diseases. There are 20-25 million people worldwide who are blind or facing blindness due to these diseases, and they have few treatment options. Drug therapies are able to help a small fraction of the population, but for the vast majority, their best hope is through prosthetic devices [reviewed in Chader et al. (2009) Prog Brain Res 175:317-332]. Current prosthetics, however, are still very limited in the vision that they provide: for example, they allow for perception of spots of light and high-contrast edges, but not natural images. Efforts to improve prosthetic capabilities have focused largely on increasing the resolution of the device's stimulators (either electrodes or optogenetic transducers). Here, we show that a second factor is also critical: driving the stimulators with the retina's neural code. Using the mouse as a model system, we generated a prosthetic system that incorporates the code. This dramatically increased the system's capabilities-well beyond what can be achieved just by increasing resolution. Furthermore, the results show, using 9,800 optogenetically stimulated ganglion cell responses, that the combined effect of using the code and high-resolution stimulation is able to bring prosthetic capabilities into the realm of normal image representation.