Environmental nicotine contamination in latent fingermarks from smoker contacts and passive smoking
Environmental nicotine contamination in latent fingermarks from smoker contacts and passive smoking
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.022
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发表时间：
2010-07-15
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ma, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benton, M.;Chua, M. J.;Ma, J.
疏水二氧化硅纳米粉末作为一种有效的潜在手印显影剂和增强剂，应用于表面辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间（SALDI-TOF）质谱法分析手印成分。这项技术已被用于检测吸烟者手印中的尼古丁和可替宁。为了有信心得出这样的结论，即这些样品中的尼古丁表明了香烟的使用情况，有必要确定环境接触或与吸烟者的手对手接触或被动吸烟造成的污染不会导致将不吸烟者错误地识别为吸烟者。为了调查这种可能性，研究人员测定了来自一些常用场所的手印材料中尼古丁的背景含量。此外，还进行了一系列实验，以评估尼古丁通过握手、手指传递以及触摸门把手传递的程度。在实验室环境条件下，还评估了24小时内潜在手印中尼古丁的损失率。最后，对一个基于实验室的模型系统进行了评估，以确定香烟烟雾中的尼古丁可能从一个来源转移到邻近区域，以模拟非吸烟者被动暴露的交叉污染。据观察，吸烟者与非吸烟者之间的人际传染可以在握手后发生，但水平较低，在模拟条件下，接触表面的被动交叉污染是可能的。然而，在更广泛的环境中发现的尼古丁水平太低，无法使用这种技术进行检测，这可能反映了潜在手印中尼古丁的半衰期，约为11小时。同样，通过烟雾转移到距离香烟约0.1米的物体上是可能的，但不太可能在邻近的非吸烟者的脸上和手上发生显著的二次尼古丁污染。2010爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司版权所有。
Hydrophobic silica nanopowder has been used as an effective latent fingermark development agent and subsequently as an enhancement agent in the surface-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (SALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for analysis of fingermark components. The technique has been used in the detection of nicotine and cotinine in the fingermarks of smokers. In order to have confidence in concluding that the nicotine in such samples is indicative of cigarette usage, it is necessary to establish that contamination by environmental contact or from hand to hand contact with smokers or from passive smoking does not lead to false identification of non-smokers as smokers. To investigate this possibility, the background level of nicotine in fingermark material from a number of commonly used places was determined. In addition, a series of experiments was carried out to assess the extent to which nicotine can be transferred through handshakes and finger transfer as well as touching of door handles. The rate of loss of nicotine from latent fingermarks was also assessed over a 24-h period under ambient laboratory conditions. Finally, a laboratory-based model system was evaluated to ascertain the possible transport of nicotine in cigarette smoke from a source to adjacent areas to simulate cross-contamination of a non-smoker by passive exposure. It was observed that person-to-person transfer from a smoker to a non-smoker can occur following handshakes but at low levels and that passive cross-contamination from contact with surfaces is possible under simulated conditions. However, levels of nicotine in the wider environment were found to be too low for detection using this technique which may reflect the half-life of nicotine in latent fingermarks which was about 11 h. Likewise, transfer via smoke is possible to objects within about 0.1 m of the cigarette but it is unlikely that significant secondary nicotine contamination will occur on the faces and hands of adjacent non-smokers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.