The Triple Challenge: Food Security and Vulnerabilities of Fishing and Farming Households in Situations Characterized by Increasing Conflict, Climate Shock, and Environmental Degradation
The Triple Challenge: Food Security and Vulnerabilities of Fishing and Farming Households in Situations Characterized by Increasing Conflict, Climate Shock, and Environmental Degradation
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DOI：
10.3390/land11111982
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
C. S. Onyenekwe;U. Okpara;P. Opata;I. Egyir;D. Sarpong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. S. Onyenekwe;U. Okpara;P. Opata;I. Egyir;D. Sarpong
随着冲突、气候冲击和土地/水退化这一“三重挑战”继续对许多发展中国家的渔业和农业生计造成越来越大的压力，有必要更好地了解不同脆弱性是如何破坏或放大粮食安全结果的。在本研究中，我们采用融合社会统计和定量数据分析的深入案例研究方法，研究脆弱性对“三重挑战”如何影响粮食安全。我们结合敏感性、暴露度和适应能力来构建脆弱性框架，并使用粮农组织粮食不安全经验量表（FIES）来实现粮食安全，该量表是一种基于经验的措施，捕捉粮食安全的粮食获取维度。我们利用尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区252个渔业家庭和251个农业家庭的调查数据，量化脆弱性的不同组成部分，得出具体的与生计相关的脆弱性得分。通过运用有序logistic模型对不同粮食安全变量和脆弱性得分进行合并和分析，我们发现，“三重挑战”的脆弱性增加了处于严重粮食不安全状态的概率，特别是对于高抚养比的家庭。与此同时，我们注意到，获得社会资本和生计多样化的机会可以推动收入增长，增强家庭在面临经常性不稳定时获得粮食安全地位的能力。这项研究促进了粮食不安全背景下的脆弱性扫盲，并揭示了支持冲突、气候和环境危机前沿人群的方法。
As conflict, climate shocks, and land/water degradation—the “triple challenge”—continue to exert increasing pressure upon fishing and farming livelihoods in many developing countries, a need exists to better understand how differential vulnerabilities undermine or amplify food security outcomes. In this study, we investigate how vulnerability to the “triple challenge” affect food security using an in-depth case study approach that merges social statistics and quantitative data analysis. We frame vulnerability using a combination of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity, and operationalize food security using the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), which is an experience-based measure capturing the food access dimension of food security. We draw on survey data from 252 fishing and 251 farming households in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and quantify the different components of vulnerability, deriving specific livelihood-related vulnerability scores. By merging and analyzing differential food security variables and vulnerability scores using ordered logistic models, we find that vulnerability to the “triple challenge” increases the probability of being in a severe food insecure state, particularly for households with a high dependency ratio. Parallel to this finding, we note that access to social capital and opportunities for livelihood diversification could drive gains in income, enhancing the capacity of households to attain a food-secure status in the face of recurrent instabilities. This study advances vulnerability literacy in food-insecure contexts and reveals ways to support populations on the frontline of interacting conflict, climate, and environmental crises.