The cultural sequence of the middle and Upper Palaeolithic in northern China
The cultural sequence of the middle and Upper Palaeolithic in northern China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2021.03.042
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Shinji Kato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shinji Kato
阐明中国北方（东北和华北）旧石器时代中晚期的文化变迁，对于思考东亚现代解剖人类的产生和扩散具有极其重要的意义。本文讨论了11个地点的25个化石组合。北方42-40 cal ka。根据古亚洲模式，每个组合被赋予“工业”的技术文化类别（工业D，DQ，DP，DL，PF，B，TB，UP，M，MO）。古亚洲模式是J·J·谢伊模式的扩展版本，该模式描述并分类了剥落和石器生产技术。通过对这些组合的年代测定，本文认为中国北方旧石器时代中期到旧石器时代晚期发生了一次工业转型。每个组合都有独特的技术元素，包括Levallois技术，抛光骨工具，个人装饰，刀片技术和UP工具。北方工业转型可划分为4个阶段：MP（41.5-40.0 cal ka前）、IUP（41.5 - 40.0 cal ka）、EUP（40.0-28.0 cal ka）和MUP/LUP（28.0-27.0 cal ka后）。除了最后一个阶段，这是一个微型刀片行业相关联的，每个阶段的主要行业是附属于齿状工具。因此，在中国北方的这些阶段之间，技术传统并没有中断。相反，工业不断地逐渐从MP转向UP;也就是说，UP技术元素被逐步引入。为了理解这种工业转型背后的驱动力，首先有必要验证在MP期间，解剖学上的现代人是否迁移到中国北方，以及他们是否在UP之前保持了齿状工具行业。
Elucidating the cultural transition of the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in northern China (Northeast and North China) is extremely important in considering the emergence and diffusion of Anatomically Modern Humans in East Asia. This article discusses 25 assemblages from 11 sites before and after ca. 42–40 cal ka in northern China. Each assemblage was given the techno-cultural category of “industry” (Industries D, DQ, DP, DL, PF, B, TB, UP, M, MO) based on the scheme of PaleoAsia modes. The PaleoAsia modes are an expanded version of J. J. Shea's modes, which describe and categorize flaking and lithic tool-production technologies. Following the chronological dating of assemblages, this study proposes that an industrial transition took place from the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) to Upper Palaeolithic (UP) in northern China. Characteristic technical elements were noted for each assemblage, including the Levallois technique, polished bone tool, personal ornament, blade technique, and UP tools. The following four stages were established for the abovementioned industrial transition in northern China: MP (before 41.5–40.0 cal ka), IUP (41.5–40.0 cal ka), EUP (40.0–28.0 cal ka), and MUP/LUP (after 28.0–27.0 cal ka). With the Exception of the last stage, which is associated with a microblade industry, the main industry of each stage was affiliated with denticulate tools. As such, there was no discontinuity in the technological traditions found between these stages in northern China. Rather, industries continuously and gradually shifted from the MP to UP; that is, UP techno-elements were incrementally introduced. To understand the drivers behind this industrial transition, it is first necessary to verify whether anatomically modern humans migrated to northern China during the MP and if they then maintained the group of denticulate tool industries until the UP.