Real-Time USB Networking and Device I/O

Real-Time USB Networking and Device I/O
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实时 USB 网络和设备 I/O

DOI:
10.1145/3604429
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Njavro, Anton
Njavro, Anton
中科院分区:
计算机科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
West, Richard;Golchin, Ahmad;Njavro, Anton

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多核PC级嵌入式系统提供了将独立的微控制器整合为软件定义功能的机会。例如,具有100多个电子控制单元(ECU)的汽车系统可以被一台或最多几台多核PC所取代,这些PC运行底盘、车身、动力系统、信息娱乐和高级驾驶员辅助系统(ADAS)服务的软件任务。然而,一个关键的挑战是如何处理实时设备输入和输出(I/O)以及作为传感器数据处理和控制的一部分的主机级网络。传统的微控制器通常具有一个或多个用于实时I/O的控制器局域网(CAN)总线。CAN总线通常在PC中不存在,而是具有更高带宽的通用串行总线(USB)接口。本文展示了如何通过USB实现实时设备I/O和主机到主机通信,使用适当编写的设备驱动程序和时间感知的类似POSIX的“调优管道”抽象。这允许开发人员建立跨越一个或多个主机的任务管道,并为传感器数据处理、控制和驱动提供端到端延迟和吞吐量保证。
Multicore PC-class embedded systems present an opportunity to consolidate separate microcontrollers as software-defined functions. For instance, an automotive system with more than 100 electronic control units (ECUs) could be replaced with one or, at most, several multicore PCs running software tasks for chassis, body, powertrain, infotainment, and advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) services. However, a key challenge is how to handle real-time device input and output (I/O) and host-level networking as part of sensor data processing and control. A traditional microcontroller would commonly feature one or more Controller Area Network (CAN) buses for real-time I/O. CAN buses are usually absent in PCs, which instead feature higher bandwidth Universal Serial Bus (USB) interfaces. This article shows how to achieve real-time device I/O and host-to-host communication over USB, using suitably written device drivers and a time-aware POSIX-like “tuned pipe” abstraction. This allows developers to establish task pipelines spanning one or more hosts, with end-to-end latency and throughput guarantees for sensor data processing, control, and actuation.
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