Bioinspired Surfaces with Dynamic Topography for Active Control of Biofouling
Bioinspired Surfaces with Dynamic Topography for Active Control of Biofouling
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/adma.201203374
复制
发表时间：
2013-03-13
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Zhao, Xuanhe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shivapooja, Phanindhar;Wang, Qiming;Zhao, Xuanhe
Biofouling, the accumulation of biomolecules, cells, organisms, and their deposits on submerged and implanted surfaces, is a ubiquitous problem across many human endeavors including maritime operations, medicine, food industries, and biotechnology.[1–3] Examples include:(i) the high cost of mitigation of biofouling on maritime vessels,[4](ii) the growing significance of infectious biofilms (matrix-enclosed microbial adlayers) as a failure mode of implanted materials and devices,[1] and (iii) the adaptation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains within biofilms in medical and industrial settings.[5] Creating environmentally friendly and biocompatible surfaces that can effectively manage biofouling has been an extremely challenging “holy grail”. In spite of substantial research efforts for several decades, cost effective control of biofouling is still an elusive goal in all areas that require long-term compatibility with biological systems.[2] Current commercial antifouling approaches and technologies include selfpolishing surfaces that rely on controlled release of biocides [6, 7] and fouling-release surfaces.[8] The next generation of fouling management includes specialized surface chemistries [9] and topographic patterns [10] that deter settlement of biofouling organisms. These approaches are generally limited to specific organisms or levels of fouling [1, 3, 4, 9, 11] and may have unacceptable impacts on the environment or human health with long-term usage.[7] Nature offers multipronged solutions to biofouling that have not been implemented by humans.[12] An enormous number of biological surfaces clean themselves through active deformation and motion.[12–15] For example, cilia on the surfaces of respiratory tracts constantly sweep out inhaled foreign particles that are sequestered in hydrated, protective mucus layers.[13, 14] Mucus sloughing and ciliary cleaning is also widely used by mollusks, corals and many other marine organisms for active fouling management.[12, 15] Engineering surfaces coated with pillars that mimic cilia have been fabricated and proposed for biofouling management.[14, 16] Despite their potential, surfaces coated with biomimetic cilia:(i) generally require complicated fabrication processes and are thus limited to relatively small areas,(ii) still require development of practical actuation schemes, and (iii) are made of fragile structures not suitable for harsh biofouling environments.Here, we report a general, bio-inspired approach for actively and effectively detaching micro-and macro-fouling organisms through dynamic change of surface area and topology of elastomers in response to external stimuli. These dynamic surfaces can be fabricated from materials that are already commonly used in marine coatings and medical devices and can be actuated by practical electrical and pneumatic stimuli. New antifouling strategies based on active surface deformation can also be used in combination with other existing and emerging management approaches.
