“The Enemy of the People”: Populists and Press Freedom
“The Enemy of the People”: Populists and Press Freedom
复制标题
“人民的敌人”：民粹主义者和新闻自由
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Paul D. Kenny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paul D. Kenny
民粹主义统治在多大程度上与新闻自由和言论自由的下降有关？民粹主义统治是指由魅力型领导人领导的政府，他们寻求通过动员通常没有其他政治依附的群众选民来获得和保留权力。从这个意义上说，民粹主义之所以重要，有两个原因：（1）与其他类型的政治领导人相比，控制媒体是民粹主义者的核心目标，因为民粹主义者可以依靠其他组织联系来获得支持者； （2）民粹主义政党的利益实际上与政党领导人的利益相当，这意味着民粹主义者与制度化程度更高的政党领导人相比，面临着不同的时间范围和行为约束。本文使用 1980 年至 2014 年间多达 91 个国家的跨国数据，检验民粹主义统治是否与相对于其他类型政府的新闻自由和言论自由的侵蚀有关，以及任何影响是否以相关民粹主义政府的意识形态为条件。研究发现，相对于纲领性政党统治，民粹主义统治与大多数媒体自由衡量标准的下降有关。然而，对于右倾民粹主义政府来说，这种影响会减弱。
To what extent is populist rule associated with a decline in press freedom and freedom of expression? Populist rule refers to government headed by charismatic leaders who seek to gain and retain power by mobilizing mass constituencies that are typically free of other political attachments. Populism in this sense matters for two reasons: (1) controlling the media is a core objective of populists compared with other types of political leaders, who can rely on other organizational links to supporters; and (2) the interests of populist parties are virtually equivalent to the interests of party leaders, which means that populists face different time horizons and constraints on their behavior than the leaders of more deeply institutionalized parties. Using cross-national data on up to ninety-one countries from 1980 to 2014, this paper tests whether populist rule is associated with the erosion of press freedom and freedom of expression relative to other types of government and whether any effect is conditional on the ideology of the populist government in question. It finds that populist rule is associated with a decline in most measures of media freedom relative to programmatic party rule. However, this effect is lessened for right-leaning populist governments.