Open Source, Commons, and Development: a research agenda on Common Pool of Services of Generation Challenge Programme
Open Source, Commons, and Development: a research agenda on Common Pool of Services of Generation Challenge Programme
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
S. Basu;G. Ruivenkamp
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作者：
S. Basu;G. Ruivenkamp
本文讨论了生命科学中开源公地的新研究议程及其与发展话语的相互关系。本文的主要研究问题是：为什么有一个关于开源和公共资源的研究项目很重要？本文首先回顾了20世纪种子种质特征及其演变的历史，然后介绍了植物专利法和知识产权制度的兴起和存在的问题。这是基于知识共享的知识生产新趋势出现的背景。本文认为，共享机制是学术话语的新趋势，具有促进创新和包容性技术发展的强大潜力，因此需要对其进行系统研究。此外，共享和共同生产的知识总是屈从于私人占有，共同生产的知识如何保持共同性也是这个项目的重要动机。为了进行开源和公地的研究，这里提出世代挑战计划，因为它具有改善作物遗传多样性、上下游连接和发展承诺的国际网络。随后对理论和方法问题进行了讨论。
This article discusses a new research agenda on open source commons in life sciences and its interrelationship with development discourses. The main research question for this article is: why it is important to have a research project on open source and commons? The paper starts with a historical review of the seed germplasm characteristics and its transformation in twentieth century, followed by the rise and problems of the plant patent acts and intellectual property regimes. This is used as a background for the emergence of a new trend in knowledge production based on sharing knowledge. It is argued here that the sharing mechanism is a new trend in academic discourses and it has strong potential for facilitating innovation and inclusive technology development, as a result a systematic study is needed to investigate the potential. Moreover, sharing and commonly produced knowledge are always succumbed for private appropriation and how commonly produced knowledge remain common is also an important motivation for this project. In order to perform a research on open source and commons, Generation Challenge Programme is proposed here because of its international networking for improving crop genetic diversity, upstream-downstream connection, and development commitment. Subsequently the theoretical and methodological issues are also discussed.