Individual differences in the hotplate test and effects of habituation on sensitivity to morphine
Individual differences in the hotplate test and effects of habituation on sensitivity to morphine
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DOI：
10.1016/0304-3959(96)03048-5
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Lindner, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plone, MA;Emerich, DF;Lindner, MD
热板研究很少将受试者分组，并且通常使用对温和止痛药的影响不太敏感的高温。受试者可能不会被分组，因为尚未明确证明在热板上的表现存在可靠和稳健的个体差异，并且出于对将受试者分组所需的测试可能会通过产生“行为耐受性”来降低任务对轻度镇痛剂的敏感性的担忧。更高的热板温度可能是首选，因为它们减少了响应延迟的可变性，并且可以假设这排除了将受试者匹配到组中的需要。本研究的结果表明，在热板上测试的个体之间存在可靠和稳健的差异，无论热板是50摄氏度还是55摄氏度（α> 0.90）。目前的结果还证实，较低的热板温度对温和镇痛剂的作用更敏感：在50摄氏度下，仅用8只大鼠就可以可靠地检测到低剂量吗啡（3 mg/kg）后的反应增加，而在55摄氏度下，除非测试超过55只大鼠，否则无法可靠地检测到相同剂量。最后，没有证据表明习惯于加热板会产生“行为耐受性”或降低测试对吗啡作用的敏感性。这些发现表明，热板研究应该将受试者分组，并使用较低的热板温度，以增加测试的灵敏度，但也出于道德义务，以尽量减少有害刺激的强度和暴露于它的动物数量。
Hotplate studies rarely match subjects into groups and often use high temperatures that are less sensitive to the effects of mild analgesics. Subjects may not be matched into groups because it has not been clearly demonstrated that there are reliable and robust individual differences in performance on the hotplate, and out of concern that the testing required to match subjects into groups might reduce the sensitivity of the task to mild analgesics by producing 'behavioral tolerance'. Higher hotplate temperatures may be preferred because they reduce variability in response latencies, and it may be assumed that this precludes the need to match subjects into groups. The results of the present study demonstrate that there are reliable and robust differences among individuals tested on the hotplate, regardless of whether the hotplate is 50 degrees C or 55 degrees C (alpha's > 0.90). The present results also confirm that lower hotplate temperatures are much more sensitive to the effects of mild analgesics: increased response latencies following a low dose of morphine (3 mg/kg) could be reliably detected with only 8 rats at 50 degrees C, while the same dose would not be detected reliably at 55 degrees C unless more than 55 rats were tested. Finally, there was no evidence that habituation to the hotplate produced 'behavioral tolerance' or reduced the sensitivity of the test to the effects of morphine. These findings suggest that hotplate studies should match subjects into groups and use lower hotplate temperatures in order to increase the sensitivity of the test, but also out of an ethical obligation to minimize the intensity of the noxious stimulus and the number of animals exposed to it.