OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED MECHANISMS FOR THE HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT OF SOY
OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED MECHANISMS FOR THE HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT OF SOY
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/125.3_suppl.606s
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发表时间：
1995-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
POTTER, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
POTTER, SM
大量文献表明，大豆中的蛋白质可以降低实验动物和人类的血液胆固醇浓度。大豆的责任机理和成分还没有完全建立起来。一些人认为，当喂食大豆蛋白时，胆固醇吸收和/或胆汁酸重吸收受到损害。这在一些动物物种中可以观察到，例如兔子和大鼠，但在人类或当氨基酸取代完整的大豆蛋白时却没有。其他人则提出，内分泌状态的变化，如胰岛素：胰升糖素比例和甲状腺激素浓度的变化，是造成这一现象的原因。在各种动物模型中观察到的大豆蛋白代谢变化，在某些情况下是人类的，包括胆固醇合成增加，胆汁酸合成增加(或粪便胆汁酸排泄)，载脂蛋白B或E受体活性增加，肝脏脂蛋白分泌和胆固醇含量减少，这与胆固醇从血液中的清除增加有关。一种假说认为，大豆的氨基酸组成或比例会导致胆固醇代谢的变化(可能是通过内分泌系统)。其他人则提出，与大豆蛋白相关的非蛋白质成分(如皂苷、纤维、植酸、矿物质和异黄酮类)直接或间接地影响胆固醇代谢。
A large body of literature indicates that protein from soybeans reduces blood cholesterol concentrations in experimental animals as well as in humans. The mechanism and component of soy responsible has not been established fully. Some suggest that when soy protein is fed, cholesterol absorption and/or bile acid reabsorption is impaired. This is observed in some animal species, such as rabbits and rats, but not in humans nor when amino acids replace intact soy protein. Others propose that changes in endocrine status, such as alteration in insulin:glucagon ratio and thyroid hormone concentrations, are responsible. The metabolic changes that have been observed on soy protein feeding in a variety of animal models, and in some cases humans, include increased cholesterol synthesis, increased bile acid synthesis (or fecal bile acid excretion), increased apolipoprotein B or E receptor activity and decreased hepatic lipoprotein secretion and cholesterol content, which are associated with an increased clearance of cholesterol from the blood. One hypothesis suggests amino acid composition or proportionality of soy causes changes in cholesterol metabolism (possibly via the endocrine system). Others have proposed that nonprotein components (such as saponins, fiber, phytic acid, minerals and the isoflavones) associated with soy protein affect cholesterol metabolism either directly or indirectly.