A new mesocosm system to study the effects of environmental variability on marine species and communities
A new mesocosm system to study the effects of environmental variability on marine species and communities
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DOI：
10.1002/lom3.10306
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hiebenthal, Claas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pansch, Christian;Hiebenthal, Claas
气候变化将改变环境条件，还会增加极端事件的频率和强度，给生态系统带来额外的压力。虽然对极端情况的实地观察正在出现，但关于其生物学后果的实验证据很少。在这里，我们介绍了一个中观系统，该系统是为了在不同的时间尺度(日-季节)上研究多种驱动因素(温度、盐度、pH、光照)对单一物种和群落的影响而开发的：基尔室内底栖动物(KIBS)。这两者都可以实现对现场测量或环境情景的各种动态机制的实时补偿，包括在任何选择的幅度或频率下的正弦曲线函数、与前几年的现场动态匹配的随机机制以及模拟的极端事件。以温度为焦点，我们强调了该系统的优点，并讨论了其局限性。此外，我们还考察了不同正弦温度波动频率对贻贝性能的影响。升温平均值附近的高频波动(升温+2摄氏度，+/-2摄氏度波动，波长=1.5d)增加了贻贝的生长，持续升温2摄氏度也是如此。然而，较低频率(+2和+/-2摄氏度，波长=4.5d)的波动抑制了贻贝的生长。这表明，环境波动及其重要的相关特征(如频率)可以调节全球变化对关键海洋物种的影响强度。本文介绍的中观系统可以帮助克服海洋实验生态学的一个重大缺陷，并将为在变化和波动的世界中预测生态系统结构和服务的变化提供更可靠的数据。
Climate change will shift mean environmental conditions and also increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events, exerting additional stress on ecosystems. While field observations on extremes are emerging, experimental evidence of their biological consequences is rare. Here, we introduce a mesocosm system that was developed to study the effects of environmental variability of multiple drivers (temperature, salinity, pH, light) on single species and communities at various temporal scales (diurnal - seasonal): the Kiel Indoor Benthocosms (KIBs). Both, real-time offsets from field measurements or various dynamic regimes of environmental scenarios, can be implemented, including sinusoidal curve functions at any chosen amplitude or frequency, stochastic regimes matching in situ dynamics of previous years and modeled extreme events. With temperature as the driver in focus, we highlight the strengths and discuss limitations of the system. In addition, we examined the effects of different sinusoidal temperature fluctuation frequencies on mytilid mussel performance. High-frequency fluctuations around a warming mean (+2 degrees C warming, +/- 2 degrees C fluctuations, wavelength = 1.5 d) increased mussel growth as did a constant warming of 2 degrees C. Fluctuations at a lower frequency (+2 and +/- 2 degrees C, wavelength = 4.5 d), however, reduced the mussels' growth. This shows that environmental fluctuations, and importantly their associated characteristics (such as frequency), can mediate the strength of global change impacts on a key marine species. The here presented mesocosm system can help to overcome a major short-coming of marine experimental ecology and will provide more robust data for the prediction of shifts in ecosystem structure and services in a changing and fluctuating world.