Children's understanding of the implications of causal attributions for emotional experiences.
Children's understanding of the implications of causal attributions for emotional experiences.
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儿童对因果归因对情感体验的影响的理解。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03687.x
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
DeCotis,KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stipek,DJ;DeCotis,KM
研究了儿童对成就结果的原因如何影响个人情绪反应的看法。在研究 1 中，6 岁和 7 岁、9 岁和 10 岁、12 岁和 13 岁的儿童听了描述假设的儿童成就结果的故事。成功和失败被明确归因于运气、能力、努力或他人的干预。每个故事结束后，受试者对故事的情绪反应进行评分。只有七年级学生将自豪和羞耻与能力和努力的结果完全联系起来。对于四年级和七年级的孩子来说，内疚感与努力归因密切相关，而惊讶与运气归因相关，但对于一年级的孩子则不然。大龄儿童所假设的归因-影响联系与之前对成人的研究中发现的相同。在研究 2 中，6 岁和 7 岁、9 岁和 10 岁、12 岁和 13 岁的儿童根据韦纳的可控性和轨迹维度对同一故事中结果的原因进行了评级。儿童对这些维度的特定归因的放置被用来解释他们对归因对情绪反应的影响的信念的年龄差异。
Children's perceptions of how the cause of achievement outcomes affects individuals' emotional responses were studied. In Study 1, children aged 6 and 7, 9 and 10, and 12 and 13 listened to stories describing hypothetical children's achievement outcomes. Success and failure were explicitly attributed to luck, ability, effort, or another person's intervention. After each story subjects rated the story child's emotional reactions. Only seventh graders associated pride and shame exclusively with outcomes attributed to ability and effort. Guilt was strongly associated with effort attributions, and surprise was associated with luck attributions for fourth- and seventh-grade children but not for first-grade children. The attribution-affect linkages assumed by the older children are the same as those found in previous studies of adults. In Study 2, children aged 6 and 7, 9 and 10, and 12 and 13 rated the cause of the outcomes in the same stories according to Weiner's controllability and locus dimensions. Children's placement of specific attributions on these dimensions was used to explain age differences in their beliefs about the effect of the attributions on emotional responses.