Advances in understanding the mechanisms of mercury toxicity in wild golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) by 1H NMR-based metabolomics
Advances in understanding the mechanisms of mercury toxicity in wild golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) by 1H NMR-based metabolomics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.033
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Fasulo, Salvatore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cappello, Tiziana;Pereira, Patricia;Fasulo, Salvatore
汞（Hg）是一种危险的污染物，在营养级内具有生物累积性和生物放大性，对水生生物区系造成严重的健康风险。因此，迫切需要阐明汞毒性的潜在机制。为了这个目的，代谢组学方法的基础上质子核磁共振（H-1 NMR），加上化学计量学，进行了鳃的野生金灰色乌鱼L aurata生活在一个汞污染地区的里亚德阿韦罗（葡萄牙）。选择鳃作为靶器官是因为它们与周围环境直接和持续的相互作用。由于积累的无机汞和甲基汞，严重的变化在鳃代谢组观察，表明一个妥协的健康状况的乌鱼。许多代谢产物，即氨基酸，渗透压，碳水化合物和核苷酸，被确定为潜在的生物标志物的汞毒性在鱼鳃。具体而言，牛磺酸和甘油磷酸胆碱的减少，沿着肌酸水平的增加，表明汞干扰离子通道的调节过程。乳酸的升高表明无氧代谢增强。此外，氨基酸水平的增加表明蛋白质catalysts的发生，进一步支持的丙氨酸增加，参与含氮废物排泄。异丁酸水平的增加，缺氧的标志物，提示在汞污染的网站缺氧应激的发病。此外，甘油磷酸胆碱和磷酸胆碱的伴随减少反映了膜修复过程的发生。最后，抗氧化防御系统的扰动揭示了谷胱甘肽及其组成氨基酸的耗尽。所有这些数据也与先前在相同鲻鱼的肝脏中观察到的不同Hg诱导的代谢反应进行了比较（Brandao等人，2015年）。总体而言，环境代谢组学方法证明了其在现实环境条件下评估野生鱼类汞毒性机制的有效性，揭示了汞毒性效应的组织特异性，即鳃和肝脏。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Mercury (Hg) is recognized as a dangerous contaminant due to its bioaccumulation and biomagnification within trophic levels, leading to serious health risks to aquatic biota. Therefore, there is an urgent need to unravel the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Hg. To this aim, a metabolomics approach based on protonic nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR), coupled with chemometrics, was performed on the gills of wild golden grey mullets L aurata living in an Hg-polluted area in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Gills were selected as target organ due to their direct and continuous interaction with the surrounding environment. As a consequence of accumulated inorganic Hg and methylmercury, severe changes in the gill metabolome were observed, indicating a compromised health status of mullets. Numerous metabolites, i.e. amino acids, osmolytes, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, were identified as potential biomarkers of Hg toxicity in fish gills. Specifically, decrease of taurine and glycerophosphocholine, along with increased creatine level, suggested Hg interference with the ion-osmoregulatory processes. The rise of lactate indicated anaerobic metabolism enhancement. Moreover, the increased levels of amino acids suggested the occurrence of protein catabolism, further supported by the augmented alanine, involved in nitrogenous waste excretion. Increased level of isobutyrate, a marker of anoxia, was suggestive of onset of hypoxic stress at the Hg contaminated site. Moreover, the concomitant reduction in glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine reflected the occurrence of membrane repair processes. Finally, perturbation in antioxidant defence system was revealed by the depletion in glutathione and its constituent amino acids. All these data were also compared to the differential Hg-induced metabolic responses previously observed in liver of the same mullets (Brandao et al., 2015). Overall, the environmental metabolomics approach demonstrated its effectiveness in the evaluation of Hg toxicity mechanisms in wild fish under realistic environmental conditions, uncovering tissue-specificities regarding Hg toxic effects namely in gills and liver. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.