Neurocognitive correlates of the effects of yoga meditation practice on emotion and cognition: a pilot study.
Neurocognitive correlates of the effects of yoga meditation practice on emotion and cognition: a pilot study.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnint.2012.00048
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
McClernon FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Froeliger BE;Garland EL;Modlin LA;McClernon FJ
正念冥想包括关注情绪，而不是对情绪体验的认知固定。随着时间的推移，这种做法被认为可以促进特质情感和注意力控制的改变，从而对幸福感和认知产生影响。然而，关于冥想对情绪和认知影响的神经基础，人们所知相对较少。本研究调查了情绪干扰对瑜伽练习者认知的神经认知相关性，并在执行与事件相关的情感Stroop任务时对匹配对照组（CG）进行了fMRI。该任务包括图像观看试验和Stroop试验，其中包含中性或消极的情绪干扰。在图像观看试验中，与中性图像相比，瑜伽练习者右背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）对消极图像的反应性较低；而CG则是相反的模式。在边缘区域（如杏仁核）观察到价态（负>中性）的主要影响，其强度与dlPFC激活呈负相关。探索性分析显示，杏仁核激活的大小预示着CG中自我报告的积极影响的减少，但在瑜伽练习者中则不然。在Stroop实验中，瑜珈练习者的腹外侧前额叶皮层（vlPFC）在出现消极情绪干扰物时比出现中性情绪干扰物时更活跃；而CG则呈现相反的模式。综上所述，这些数据表明，尽管瑜伽练习者对负面情绪刺激表现出边缘反应，但这种反应对后来的情绪状态没有下游影响。在瑜伽练习者中，观看负面情绪图像和影响的分离可能是由于他们选择性地实施额叶执行依赖策略，以减少竞争认知需求期间的情绪干扰，而不是在情绪处理本身中。
Mindfulness meditation involves attending to emotions without cognitive fixation of emotional experience. Over time, this practice is held to promote alterations in trait affectivity and attentional control with resultant effects on well-being and cognition. However, relatively little is known regarding the neural substrates of meditation effects on emotion and cognition. The present study investigated the neurocognitive correlates of emotion interference on cognition in Yoga practitioners and a matched control group (CG) underwent fMRI while performing an event-related affective Stroop task. The task includes image viewing trials and Stroop trials bracketed by neutral or negative emotional distractors. During image viewing trials, Yoga practitioners exhibited less reactivity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to negative as compared to neutral images; whereas the CG had the opposite pattern. A main effect of valence (negative > neutral) was observed in limbic regions (e.g., amygdala), of which the magnitude was inversely related to dlPFC activation. Exploratory analyses revealed that the magnitude of amygdala activation predicted decreased self-reported positive affect in the CG, but not among Yoga practitioners. During Stroop trials, Yoga practitioners had greater activation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) during Stroop trials when negative, compared to neutral, emotional distractor were presented; the CG exhibited the opposite pattern. Taken together, these data suggest that though Yoga practitioners exhibit limbic reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, such reactivity does not have downstream effects on later mood state. This uncoupling of viewing negative emotional images and affect among Yoga practitioners may be occasioned by their selective implementation of frontal executive-dependent strategies to reduce emotional interference during competing cognitive demands and not during emotional processing per se.