Analysis of Radionuclide Releases from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Part II
Analysis of Radionuclide Releases from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Part II
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DOI：
10.1007/s00024-012-0578-1
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Moulin, Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Achim, Pascal;Monfort, Marguerite;Moulin, Christophe
本出版物的这一部分（第二部分）涉及2011年3月11日海啸后发生的福岛第一核电站事故期间排放到大气中的放射性核素的远距离扩散。第一部分（第一部分）专门介绍依靠全面禁止核试验条约组织网络监测站进行的放射性核素探测得出的事故特征。在这项研究中，三个裂变产物Cs-137，I-131和I-133的排放进行了调查。关于钚-133，估计在1、2和3号机组爆炸期间释放的总量约为6x 10（18）Bq。估算的总源项给出了反应堆停堆时堆芯存量的一部分，约为8 × 10（18）Bq。这一结果表明，至少80%的堆芯库存已释放到大气中，并表明反应堆堆芯的广泛熔毁。Cs-137和I-131气溶胶的大气释放总量估计分别为10（16）和10（17）Bq。通过忽略气体/颗粒转化现象，I-131（气体+气溶胶）的总释放量估计为4 x 10（17）Bq。大气传输模拟表明，主要的空气排放发生在2011年3月14日（UTC）的事件期间，3月23日之后没有发生重大释放。排放到大气中的放射性可能相当于切尔诺贝利事故中I-131和Cs-137排放量的10%。
The present part of the publication (Part II) deals with long range dispersion of radionuclides emitted into the atmosphere during the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident that occurred after the March 11, 2011 tsunami. The first part (Part I) is dedicated to the accident features relying on radionuclide detections performed by monitoring stations of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization network. In this study, the emissions of the three fission products Cs-137, I-131 and Xe-133 are investigated. Regarding Xe-133, the total release is estimated to be of the order of 6 x 10(18) Bq emitted during the explosions of units 1, 2 and 3. The total source term estimated gives a fraction of core inventory of about 8 x 10(18) Bq at the time of reactors shutdown. This result suggests that at least 80 % of the core inventory has been released into the atmosphere and indicates a broad meltdown of reactor cores. Total atmospheric releases of Cs-137 and I-131 aerosols are estimated to be 10(16) and 10(17) Bq, respectively. By neglecting gas/particulate conversion phenomena, the total release of I-131 (gas + aerosol) could be estimated to be 4 x 10(17) Bq. Atmospheric transport simulations suggest that the main air emissions have occurred during the events of March 14, 2011 (UTC) and that no major release occurred after March 23. The radioactivity emitted into the atmosphere could represent 10 % of the Chernobyl accident releases for I-131 and Cs-137.