Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic properties: consequences for host health in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic properties: consequences for host health in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s10
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发表时间：
2011-08-30
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Cani PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delzenne NM;Neyrinck AM;Cani PD
肠道微生物区系越来越被认为是维持健康的共生伙伴。肠道微生物区系的动态平衡取决于宿主特征(年龄、性别、遗传背景…)、环境条件(压力、药物、胃肠手术、传染病和有毒物质…)。此外，它依赖于日常饮食的变化。动物实验数据以及对肥胖患者的观察研究表明，肠道微生物区系的组成是肥胖者与瘦肉者、糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者或表现肝病(如非酒精性脂肪性肝炎)的患者的特征的一个因素。有趣的是，肠道微生物的变化可以通过节食和相关的减肥来逆转。特定食物成分(脂肪酸、碳水化合物、微量营养素、益生素、益生菌)摄入量的质和量变化不仅对肠道微生物区系组成产生影响，而且可能调节宿主组织如肝脏、脂肪组织、肠道、肌肉中基因的表达。这反过来可能推动或减轻脂肪团的发展，以及与肠道屏障功能和系统免疫相关的代谢障碍。到目前为止，在人类中几乎没有干预研究支持益生菌或益生菌方法在人类肥胖管理中的相关性，但用这些化合物获得的实验数据有助于阐明与饮食和肠道微生物有关的新的潜在分子靶点。后基因组学和综合代谢组学方法可以帮助阐明人类肠道中数万亿个细菌中的哪些细菌，或者更具体地说，哪些活动/基因可以参与宿主能量代谢的控制，并可能与未来的治疗发展相关。
The gut microbiota is increasingly considered as a symbiotic partner for the maintenance of health. The homeostasis of the gut microbiota is dependent on host characteristics (age, gender, genetic background…), environmental conditions (stress, drugs, gastrointestinal surgery, infectious and toxic agents…). Moreover, it is dependent on the day-to-day dietary changes. Experimental data in animals, but also observational studies in obese patients, suggest that the composition of the gut microbiota is a factor characterizing obese versus lean individuals, diabetic versus non diabetic patients, or patients presenting hepatic diseases such as non alcoholic steatohepatitis. Interestingly, the changes in the gut microbes can be reversed by dieting and related weight loss. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the intake of specific food components (fatty acids, carbohydrates, micronutrients, prebiotics, probiotics), have not only consequences on the gut microbiota composition, but may modulate the expression of genes in host tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, intestine, muscle. This in turn may drive or lessen the development of fat mass and metabolic disturbances associated with the gut barrier function and the systemic immunity. The relevance of the prebiotic or probiotic approaches in the management of obesity in humans is supported by few intervention studies in humans up to now, but the experimental data obtained with those compounds help to elucidate novel potential molecular targets relating diet with gut microbes. The metagenomic and integrative metabolomic approaches could help elucidate which bacteria, among the trillions in human gut, or more specifically which activities/genes, could participate to the control of host energy metabolism, and could be relevant for future therapeutic developments.