Place Effects on Environmental Views
Place Effects on Environmental Views
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1549-0831.2010.00013.x
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Duncan, Cynthia M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamilton, Lawrence C.;Colocousis, Chris R.;Duncan, Cynthia M.
人们如何回应涉及环境的问题部分取决于个人特征。年龄、性别、教育和意识形态等特征构成了经过深入研究的“环境关注的社会基础”，这些特征已通过群体效应或与社会地位相关的认知和文化因素来解释。人们的环境观似乎不仅取决于个人特征，还取决于他们的社会和自然环境。然而，这个假设更难以检验。我们利用美国 19 个农村县的调查数据，应用混合效应模型来研究简单的地方效应与以当地为中心的环境观点的关系。我们找到了两种地点效应的证据。除去个体特征，具体的地方特征对相关环境观点具有预期的影响。当地的变化与监管和增长的态度有关。例如，在人口不断增长的农村县，受访者往往将快速发展视为一个问题，并赞成限制发展的环境规则。此外，他们赞成为未来保留资源，而不是现在就利用这些资源在失业率较低的县创造就业机会。在我们控制了县域经济增长、资源型产业的失业和就业以及个人社会地位和意识形态因素后，不同地区的环境关注平均水平仍然存在显着差异。即使模型中存在两种地点效应，个人层面的环境问题预测因素仍遵循先前研究预期的模式。民主党人对教育的担忧增加，而共和党人的这种关系则减弱或逆转。这种互动标志着通过针对受过教育、意识形态接受的受众的名义上的科学反驳，将环境问题重新定义为政治楔子问题。
P>How people respond to questions involving the environment depends partly on individual characteristics. Characteristics such as age, gender, education, and ideology constitute the well-studied "social bases of environmental concern," which have been explained in terms of cohort effects or of cognitive and cultural factors related to social position. It seems likely that people's environmental views depend not only on personal characteristics but also on their social and physical environments. This hypothesis has been more difficult to test, however. Using data from surveys in 19 rural U.S. counties, we apply mixed-effects modeling to investigate simple place effects with respect to locally focused environmental views. We find evidence for two kinds of place effects. Net of individual characteristics, specific place characteristics have the expected effect on related environmental views. Local changes are related to attitudes about regulation and growth. For example, respondents more often perceive rapid development as a problem, and favor environmental rules that restrict development, in rural counties with growing populations. Moreover, they favor conserving resources for the future rather than using them now to create jobs in counties that have low unemployment. After we controlled for county growth, unemployment and jobs in resource-based industries, and individual social-position and ideological factors, there remains significant place-to-place variation in mean levels of environmental concern. Even with both kinds of place effects in the models, the individual-level predictors of environmental concern follow patterns expected from previous research. Concern increases with education among Democrats, whereas among Republicans, the relationship is attenuated or reversed. The interaction marks reframing of environmental questions as political wedge issues, through nominally scientific counterarguments aimed at educated, ideologically receptive audiences.