Temporal patterns in habitat use by small cetaceans at an oceanographically dynamic marine renewable energy test site in the Celtic Sea
Temporal patterns in habitat use by small cetaceans at an oceanographically dynamic marine renewable energy test site in the Celtic Sea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.07.001
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ingram, S. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, S. L.;Witt, M. J.;Ingram, S. N.
陆架海是一个高度动态和复杂的海洋环境，可能影响海洋哺乳动物等海洋巨型动物的时空分布。因此，了解这些动物利用栖息地的自然模式是必不可少的，当试图确定和评估的影响，如与海洋可再生能源设施（MREIs）相关的人为干扰。这项研究使用了五年（2009-2013年）的被动声学（C-POD）数据集，以检查使用海洋动态海洋可再生能源试验场的小鲸目动物，海豚（未指明的delphinids）和港口鼠海豚Phocoena phocoena，在南部凯尔特海。研究整个场地的栖息地利用的时间模式与在广泛的季节尺度上发生的海洋学变化以及由细尺度驱动的海洋学变化之间的关系（每两周）本地化流程（可能被季节性趋势掩盖），使用（1）整个五年数据集的所有每日动物检出率和（2）仅在夏季月份采集的每日动物检出率进行单独分析（定义为6月中旬至10月中旬）（当时在整个研究中心的多个离散位置进行了连续监测）。在这两种情况下，广义加性混合效应模型（GAMM）被用来链接检测率的一套代表该地区的海洋环境变量。我们发现，在冬末/早春（1月至3月）增加港口海豚的检测率与低海面温度（SST），而海豚的检测率在夏季（7月至9月）的峰值与增加SST和潮汐混合前的存在相一致。此外，在整个夏季的2010年，海豚的检测率被发现，以响应小规模的SST和位置的变化，在春季小潮周期，可能反映了一个分层的沃茨直接离岸前的偏好。总之，这些研究结果表明，小鲸目动物在陆架海的栖息地使用是随时间变化的，具体的物种，并可能由复杂的自下而上的过程驱动。因此，有效的养护管理陆架海需要我们了解这些系统的动态复杂性和栖息在其中的物种。特别是，我们强调需要很好地了解海洋巨型动物栖息地使用的自然驱动因素，然后才能评估潜在的影响，如与MRELS的建设，维护和运营相关的人为干扰。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Shelf-seas are highly dynamic and oceanographically complex environments, which likely influences the spatio-temporal distributions of marine megafauna such as marine mammals. As such, understanding natural patterns in habitat use by these animals is essential when attempting to ascertain and assess the impacts of anthropogenically induced disturbances, such as those associated with marine renewable energy installations (MREIs). This study uses a five year (2009-2013) passive acoustics (C-POD) dataset to examine the use of an oceanographically dynamic marine renewable energy test site by small cetaceans, dolphins (unspecified delphinids) and harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena, in the southern Celtic Sea. To examine how temporal patterns in habitat use across the site related to oceanographic changes occurring over broad seasonal scales as well as those driven by fine scale (bi-weekly) localised processes (that may be masked by seasonal trends), separate analyses were conducted using (1) all daily animal detection rates spanning the entire five year dataset and (2) daily animal detection rates taken only during the summer months (defined as mid June to mid-October) of 2010 (when continuous monitoring was carried out at multiple discrete locations across the site). In both instances, generalised additive mixed effects models (GAMMs) were used to link detection rates to a suite of environmental variables representative of the oceanography of the region. We show that increased harbour porpoise detection rates in the late winter/early spring (January-March) are associated with low sea surface temperatures (SST), whilst peaks in dolphin detection rates in the summer (July-September) coincide with increased SSTs and the presence of a tidal-mixing front. Moreover, across the summer months of 2010, dolphin detection rates were found to respond to small scale changes in SST and position in the spring-neap cycle, possibly reflective of a preference for the stratified waters immediately offshore of the front. Together, these findings suggest that habitat use by small cetaceans within shelf-seas is temporally variable, species specific and likely driven by complex bottom-up processes. As such, the effective conservation management of shelf-seas requires that we understand the dynamic complexities of these systems and the species that inhabit them. In particular, we emphasise the need for a good understanding of the natural drivers of habitat use by marine megafauna before the potential impacts of anthropogenically induced disturbances, such as those associated with the construction, maintenance and operation of MREls, can be assessed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.