Ultrastructure of Gyrodinium spirale, the type species of Gyrodinium (Dinophyceae), including a phylogeny of G-dominans, G-rubrum and G-spirale deduced from partial LSU rDNA sequences
Ultrastructure of Gyrodinium spirale, the type species of Gyrodinium (Dinophyceae), including a phylogeny of G-dominans, G-rubrum and G-spirale deduced from partial LSU rDNA sequences
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DOI：
10.1078/1434461041844231
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Daugbjerg, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hansen, G;Daugbjerg, N
对模式种旋甲藻G. spirale，基于从Skagerrak和南部Kattegat（丹麦）收集的细胞制备。这种物质被认为与伯格在卡特加特南部研究的典型物质非常相似。分析揭示了许多典型的甲藻的字符，以及一些以前未描述的功能。在这里，重点是鞭毛器，表面脊，和核囊的三维配置。后者有一个相当复杂的超微结构组成的两个壁状层被膜包围，核孔局限于这些层的球状内陷。为了克服目前许多自养和异养甲藻培养困难的问题，我们设计了一对特异性反向引物。1800个碱基对的核编码LSU rDNA。使用这种方法，LSU rDNA序列测定从三个异养种的Gyrodinium，包括模式种。使用其他的齿槽动物（即纤毛虫和顶复门）作为外群种，系统发育分析的基础上最大似然，最大简约，和邻居加入支持Gyrodinium，作为一个单独的谱系。不幸的是，由于对深分支模式的低自举支持，无法建立与Gyrodinium最近的姐妹群。
A detailed ultrastructural analysis of the type species of Gyrodinium, G. spirale, was made based on cells collected from Skagerrak and southern Kattegat (Denmark). This material is considered very similar to the type material studied by Bergh from southern Kattegat. The analysis revealed many characters typical for dinoflagellates as well as a number of previously undescribed features. Here, emphasis was given to a three-dimensional configuration of the flagellar apparatus, the surface ridges, and the nuclear capsule. The latter had a rather complex ultrastructure consisting of two wall-like layers surrounded by membranes, with nuclear pores restricted to globular invaginations of these layers. To overcome difficulties with culturing of many auto- and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, we designed a specific reverse primer to amplify ca. 1800 base pairs of nuclear-encoded LSU rDNA. Using this approach, LSU rDNA sequences were determined from three heterotrophic species of Gyrodinium, including the type species. Using other alveolates (i.e. ciliates and Apicomplexa) as outgroup species, phylogenetic analyses based on Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Neighbor-Joining supported Gyrodinium, as a separate lineage. Unfortunately, the nearest sister group to Gyrodinium could not be established due to low bootstraps support for the deep branching pattern.