Edge-effects Drive Tropical Forest Fragments Towards an Early-Successional System
Edge-effects Drive Tropical Forest Fragments Towards an Early-Successional System
复制标题
边缘效应驱动热带森林碎片走向早期演替系统
DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00454.x
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Tabarelli M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tabarelli M
随着前所未有的热带森林砍伐速度，生境碎片化已成为热带森林景观中最普遍和最明显的人为干扰形式(Laurance&Peres，2006年)。在接下来的几十年里，几个热带大国人口的持续增长和空间分散将继续改变热带地貌，以至于即使是大片偏远的古老森林也可能被转变为由小碎片和再生林块组成的群岛(AIDE&Grau 2004，Wright 2005)。随着农业边界的扩大和巩固，许多仍留在私人土地上的小的原始森林碎片--往往分散在公共保护区周围--可能仍然局限于经济上的边缘土地，并逐渐嵌入以牧场、农田和城市地区为主的人为管理的恶劣基质中(Tabarelli等人)。2004年)。这种人为的和高度分散的农业马赛克已经是许多以前森林覆盖的热带土地上的主要景观(Corlett 2000，Sodhi等人)。2004年，Harvey等人。2008年)。事实上，大多数老龄化的森林砍伐边界目前主要由非常小的碎片主导，这些碎片仍然嵌入开放栖息地基质中(Turner&Corlett 1996，Ranta等人)。1998年，Gascon et al.2000年，门多萨等人。因此，热带森林生物多样性的未来和这一生态系统提供的碳储存等总是补偿不足的环境服务，与我们理解生境碎片化和其他推动人类景观生物动态的力量引发的持久的生态系统层面变化的能力密不可分(见Bawa等人)。2004年)。幸运的是，在过去三十年中，栖息地碎片化的主题在热带森林的背景下变得越来越重要(例如，Schellas&Greenberg 1996，Laurance&Bierregaard 1997，Bierregaard等人)。2001年；Laurance等人。2007)。最初受到岛屿生物地理学的平衡理论和斯洛斯辩论(参见Simberloff&Abele 1982)的启发，一些研究考察了
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION HAS BECOME THE MOST PERVASIVE and conspicuous anthropogenic form of disturbance in tropical forest landscapes following unprecedented rates of tropical deforestation (Laurance & Peres 2006). In the next decades, the relentless growth and spatial dispersion of the human population of several large tropical countries will continue to alter tropical landscapes in such a way that even vast remote tracts of old-growth forests are likely to be converted into archipelagos of small fragments and regenerating forest patches (Aide & Grau 2004, Wright 2005). With the expansion and consolidation of agricultural frontiers, many small primary forest fragments remaining within private landholdings—that are often scattered around public protected areas—are likely to remain confined to economically marginal lands and become gradually embedded in a human-managed, harsh matrix, dominated by pastures, croplands, and urban areas (Tabarelli et al. 2004). This sort of anthropogenic and highly fragmented agro-mosaic is already the predominant landscape across many previously forested tropical lands (Corlett 2000, Sodhi et al. 2004, Harvey et al. 2008). In fact, most aging deforestation frontiers are currently vastly dominated by very small fragments, which remain embedded within open-habitat matrices (Turner & Corlett 1996, Ranta et al. 1998, Gascon et al. 2000, Mendoza et al. 2005).The future of tropical forest biodiversity and the invariably undercompensated environmental services provided by this ecosystem, such as carbon storage, are therefore inextricably tied to our ability to understand persistent, ecosystem-level changes triggered by habitat fragmentation and other forces driving the biological dynamic of anthropogenic landscapes (see Bawa et al. 2004). Fortunately, the topic of habitat fragmentation has acquired an increasing importance in the last three decades in the context of tropical forests (eg., Schellas & Greenberg 1996, Laurance & Bierregaard 1997, Bierregaard et al. 2001; Laurance et al. 2007). Initially inspired by the equilibrium theory of island biogeography and the SLOSS debate (see Simberloff & Abele 1982), a number of studies examining