IN THE WAKE OF WINSTON – CLIMATE CHANGE, MOBILITY AND RESILIENCY IN FIJI
IN THE WAKE OF WINSTON – CLIMATE CHANGE, MOBILITY AND RESILIENCY IN FIJI
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温斯顿事件之后——斐济的气候变化、流动性和复原力
DOI：
10.2495/safe-v7-n2-157-168
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Veitayaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Gard;J. Veitayaki
2016年2月20日，热带气旋温斯顿袭击斐济，成为南半球有记录以来最强的风暴，也是世界上有记录以来第二强的风暴。44人死于超级风暴，正在进行的政府恢复计划估计损失近30亿斐济元（11亿英镑）。斐济总理弗兰克·姆拜尼马拉马在温斯顿之后的全国讲话中说：“我们国家几乎没有一个地方没有留下伤痕。本文探讨了温斯顿之后斐济对极端天气和气候变化的适应措施，以及作者作为温斯顿幸存者和超级风暴发生时居住在斐济首都苏瓦的志愿援助工作者的经历。值得注意的是，温斯顿在斐济成为第一个批准2015年12月195个国家在巴黎达成的联合国气候协议的国家后5天罢工。许多太平洋岛屿国家在领导气候变化问题全球对话方面发挥了至关重要的作用。在巴黎峰会之前，泰国总理姆拜尼马拉马强调，“除非世界在未来几周采取果断行动，开始应对我们这个时代最大的挑战，否则我们所知道的太平洋地区注定要失败。”这无疑是正确的，迫切需要一个全球性的反应，但同样正确的是，这种反应必须是一个文化和信仰融合的进程，跨越多个规模，从村庄和社区到区域。应对太平洋极端天气和气候变化的一个关键方面是移徙。然而，移徙的影响包括组织、适应和城市贫困，这是脆弱性的另一个根源。因此，应对极端天气和气候变化的人员流动问题比最初处理的问题复杂得多，值得更深入地考虑。
When tropical cyclone Winston hit Fiji on 20 February 2016, it became the strongest storm recorded in the southern hemisphere and the second strongest storm ever recorded in the world. Forty-four people died as a result of the superstorm, and the ongoing governmental recovery plans have estimated nearly three billion Fijian dollars (£1.1 billion) in damages. Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama, in a national address following Winston, stated ‘almost no part of our nation has been left unscarred’. This paper explores the adaptation measures for extreme weather and climate change in Fiji following Winston, as well as the author’s experiences both as a survivor of Winston and as a volunteer aid-relief worker living in Suva, the Fijian capital, at the time of the superstorm. Notably, Winston struck 5 days after Fiji became the first nation to ratify the United Nations Climate deal agreed to by 195 nations in Paris in December 2015. Many Pacific island nations have played a vital role in leading the global dialogue on climate change. In the lead up to the Paris summit, Prime Minister Bainimarama, stressed that ‘unless the world acts decisively in the coming weeks to begin addressing the greatest challenge of our age, then the Pacific, as we know it, is doomed.’ This is undoubtedly true and a global response is desperately needed, but equally true is the importance for such a reaction to be a cultural and faith-integrated process across multiple scales, ranging from village and community to regional, in scope. One critical aspect of extreme weather and climate change response in the Pacific is migration. However, the impacts of migration include organizing, adaptation and urban poverty, a further source of vulnerability. Consequently, human mobility in response to extreme weather and climate change is far more complex than originally addressed and is deserving of deeper consideration.