IMMORTALIZATION OF GERM-CELLS AND SOMATIC TESTICULAR CELLS USING THE SV40 LARGE T-ANTIGEN
IMMORTALIZATION OF GERM-CELLS AND SOMATIC TESTICULAR CELLS USING THE SV40 LARGE T-ANTIGEN
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DOI：
10.1016/0014-4827(92)90291-f
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发表时间：
1992-08-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
MILLAN, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOFMANN, MC;NARISAWA, S;MILLAN, JL
在哺乳动物睾丸中，精子发生的控制涉及不同类型的体细胞（小管周围细胞、间质细胞和支持细胞）和生殖细胞之间独特的相互作用。生殖细胞和支持细胞的结构结合称为生发上皮，由小管周围肌样细胞包围，但由支持细胞和小管周围细胞产生的基底膜和细胞外基质隔开。间质细胞为生发上皮提供激素支持，并与小管周围肌样细胞相互作用[2-5]。在生发上皮内，生殖细胞通过一个渐进的过程分化，从a型精原细胞的有丝分裂开始，在完成两次减数分裂后进入单倍体精细胞。在精小管的最内层，精子通过染色质凝聚过程转化为完全形成的精子，形成细胞核并去除多余的细胞质。在这种同步活动中，年轻的生殖细胞在有精上皮周期的明确阶段与更成熟的细胞密切相关的上皮内前进。这些复杂的精子发生过程不是独立的事件，而是每一个都依赖于对不同细胞类型的逐步关联的精确控制。为了理解这一过程的分子调控，必须考虑到不同细胞间的相互作用。在过去的几年中，越来越多的人使用睾丸体细胞原代培养来研究这些细胞类型在生殖细胞分化中的作用。然而，这种方法受到以下事实的限制：细胞群不纯，这些原代培养物在15天后很少具有功能[9,10]。此外，维持生殖细胞发育所需的体外条件尚未实现。因此，体细胞系和生殖细胞系的建立将极大地增强我们研究spr -的阶段特异性细胞相互作用和旁分泌调节的能力
In the mammalian testis, control of spermatogenesis involves a unique interaction between the different somatic cell types (peritubular, Leydig, and Sertoli cells) and germ cells. The structural association of germ cells and Sertoli cells, called germinal epithelium, is surrounded by the peritubular myoid cells but separated by a basement membrane and extracellular matrix produced by both Sertoli andperitubularcells [1]. From the interstitial spaces, the Leydig cells provide hormonal support to the germinal epithelium and interact with the peritubular myoid cells [2-5]. Within the germinal epithelium, germ cells differentiate through a gradual process that starts with the mitosis of type A spermatogonia and proceeds to haploid spermatids after completion of two meiotic divisions. In the innermost layers of the seminiferous tubule, the spermatids are converted into fully formed spermatozoa through a process of chromatin condensation that shapes the nucleus and removes excess cytoplasm [6]. During this synchronized activity, the younger germ cells advance within the epithelium closely associated with more mature cells in well-defined stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle [7]. These complex processes of spermatogenesis are not independent events, but rather each is dependent upon the precise control of step-wise associations of the diverse cell types. To understand the molecular regulation of this process, it is essential that the different cellcell interactions be taken into consideration [8]. In the past few years, there has been an increase in the use of primary cultures of somatic testicular cells to investigate the role of these cell types in germ cell differentiation [8]. This methodology, however, has been limited by the fact that the cell populations are not pure and that these primary cultures are seldom functional after 15 days [9, 10]. Furthermore, the in vitro conditions necessary for the maintenance of germ cell development have not been realized. Therefore, the establishment of somatic cell lines, as well as germ cell lines, would greatly enhance our ability to study stage-specific cellular interactions and paracrine regulation of sper-