Whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus haemolyticus uncovers the extreme plasticity of its genome and the evolution of human-colonizing staphylococcal species
Whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus haemolyticus uncovers the extreme plasticity of its genome and the evolution of human-colonizing staphylococcal species
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DOI：
10.1128/jb.187.21.7292-7308.2005
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hiramatsu, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takeuchi, F;Watanabe, S;Hiramatsu, K
溶血葡萄球菌是一种机会性细菌病原体，定植在人类皮肤上，并以其高度耐抗生素的表型而闻名。我们确定了溶血葡萄球菌的全基因组序列，以更好地了解其致病性和与其他葡萄球菌物种的进化关系。溶血葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌基因组中的大部分开放阅读框在染色体上的序列和顺序上都是保守的。我们发现了一个区域的细菌染色体下游的起源复制显示很少同源性的物种，但在一个物种内的菌株之间是保守的。这个被称为“oriC环境”的新区域可能有助于葡萄球菌物种的进化和分化，因为它富含物种特异性的非必需基因，这些基因有助于每种葡萄球菌物种的生物学特征。通过对溶血葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌基因组的比较分析，阐明了它们在生物学和遗传特性以及致病潜力方面的差异。我们在溶血链球菌染色体上发现了多达82个插入序列，这些序列可能介导了频繁的基因组重排，导致该菌株的表型多样化。这样的重排可能给这个物种带来了基因组的可塑性，并有助于它获得抗生素耐药性。
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that colonizes human skin and is remarkable for its highly antibiotic-resistant phenotype. We determined the complete genome sequence of S. haemolyticus to better understand its pathogenicity and evolutionary relatedness to the other staphylococcal species. A large proportion of the open reading frames in the genomes of S. haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were conserved in their sequence and order on the chromosome. We identified a region of the bacterial chromosome just downstream of the origin of replication that showed little homology among the species but was conserved among strains within a species. This novel region, designated the "oriC environ," likely contributes to the evolution and differentiation of the staphylococcal species, since it was enriched for species-specific nonessential genes that contribute to the biological features of each staphylococcal species. A comparative analysis of the genomes of S. haemolyticus, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis elucidated differences in their biological and genetic characteristics and pathogenic potentials. We identified as many as 82 insertion sequences in the S. haemolyticus chromosome that probably mediated frequent genomic rearrangements, resulting in phenotypic diversification of the strain. Such rearrangements could have brought genomic plasticity to this species and contributed to its acquisition of antibiotic resistance.