Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes:: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA)
Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes:: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marchem.2007.03.002
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发表时间：
2008-01-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Brendel, Paul J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luther, George W., III;Glazer, Brian T.;Brendel, Paul J.
固态伏安（微）电极已被用于各种环境中研究地球化学过程。在这里，我们展示了在研究沉积物、微生物垫、文化和水柱（包括热液喷口）方面获得的丰富信息。伏安分析仪已开发为在操作员指导下运行，并在无人值守模式下使用原位电化学分析仪（ISEA）进行时间研究。电极可以同时检测氧化还原物种和痕量金属的存在（或不存在）。伏安电极的多物种容量可用于检测复杂的非均质环境，如盐沼沉积物的根区。用这些系统获得的数据清楚地表明，O-2和Mn 2+配置文件在海洋沉积孔隙水和金属表面上的微生物生物膜很少重叠，表明O-2不是Mn 2+的直接氧化剂。这种缺乏重叠最初是由Joris Gieskes的小组提出的。在热液喷口喷出的沃茨中，检测到Fe 2+、H2S和可溶性分子Fes团簇（FeSaq），表明黄铁矿形成反应的反应物是H2S和可溶性分子Fes团簇。使用ISEA与电极在固定位置，连续收集的数据超过三天附近的Riftia pachyptila管虫领域一般显示，O-2和H2S反相关，H2S和温度一般相关。与沉积环境不同，数据清楚地表明，里夫蒂亚生活在O-2和H2S共存的地区，因此其内共生细菌可以进行化学合成。然而，扩散流喷口沃茨与管虫场上方或一侧的海底沃茨的物理混合可以抑制这些相关性，甚至逆转它们。伏安法是一种强大的技术，因为它提供了化学形态数据（例如;氧化态和不同的元素化合物/离子）以及定量数据。由于（微生物）有机体由于系统的化学性质而占据环境生态位，因此有必要了解化学形态。伏安法使我们能够研究化学如何驱动生物学，以及生物学如何为了自身的利益而影响化学。(C)2007 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Solid-state voltammetric (micro)electrodes have been used in a variety of environments to study biogeochemical processes. Here we show the wealth of information that has been obtained in the study of sediments, microbial mats, cultures and the water column including hydrothermal vents. Voltammetric analyzers have been developed to function with operator guidance and in unattended mode for temporal studies with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA). The electrodes can detect the presence (or absence) of a host of redox species and trace metals simultaneously. The multi-species capacity of the voltammetric electrode can be used to examine complex heterogeneous enviromnents such as the root zone of salt marsh sediments. The data obtained with these systems clearly show that O-2 and Mn2+ profiles in marine sedimentary porewaters and in microbial biofilms on metal surfaces rarely overlap indicating that O-2 is not a direct oxidant for Mn2+. This lack of overlap was suggested originally by Joris Gieskes' group. In waters emanating from hydrothermal vents, Fe2+, H2S and soluble molecular Fes clusters (FeSaq) are detected indicating that the reactants for the pyrite formation reaction are H2S and soluble molecular Fes clusters. Using the ISEA with electrodes at fixed positions, data collected continuously over three days near a Riftia pachyptila tubeworm field generally show that O-2 and H2S anti-correlate and that H2S and temperature generally correlate. Unlike sedimentary environments, the data clearly show that Riftia live in areas where both O-2 and H2S co-exist so that its endosymbiont bacteria can perform chemosynthesis. However, physical mixing of diffuse flow vent waters with oceanic bottom waters above or to the side of the tubeworm field can dampen these correlations or even reverse them. Voltammetry is a powerful technique because it provides chemical speciation data (e.g.; oxidation state and different elemental compounds/ions) as well as quantitative data. Because (micro)organisms occupy environmental niches due to the system's chemistry, it is necessary to know chemical speciation. Voltammetric methods allow us to study how chemistry drives biology and how biology can affect chemistry for its own benefit. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.