Recent advances in non-precious metal catalysis for oxygen-reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Recent advances in non-precious metal catalysis for oxygen-reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
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DOI：
10.1039/c0ee00011f
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
32.5
通讯作者：
Zelenay, Piotr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaouen, Frederic;Proietti, Eric;Zelenay, Piotr
从水和可再生能源中生产的氢可以在未来为大量的质子交换燃料电池汽车提供燃料。然而，在这种燃料电池中对昂贵的Pt基电催化剂的依赖仍然是广泛部署该技术的主要障碍。克服这种困境的一种解决方案是通过在氧还原阴极处用非贵金属催化剂代替Pt基催化剂来将Pt含量降低十倍。用于该反应的铁基和钴基电催化剂已经研究了50多年，但它们对于运输燃料电池所需的高效率和功率密度来说活性不足。最近，出现了几个突破，增加了非贵金属催化剂（NPMC）的活性和耐用性，现在可以被视为铂基催化剂的潜在竞争对手。本文综述了导致这些突破的新合成方法。还进行了建模分析，以分析NPMC基阴极所需的改进，以匹配Pt基阴极的性能，即使在高电流密度下。虽然NPMCs的体积比活性不需要进一步突破，但燃料电池阴极内的体积比活性和有效质子电导率的增量改进是必要的。关于耐久性，具有耐久性和活性的最佳组合的NPMCs导致约。因此，主要任务将是将联合收割机的耐久性与更高的活性相结合，并且还在电池电压大于0.60 V时提高耐久性。
Hydrogen produced from water and renewable energy could fuel a large fleet of proton-exchange-fuel-cell vehicles in the future. However, the dependence on expensive Pt-based electrocatalysts in such fuel cells remains a major obstacle for a widespread deployment of this technology. One solution to overcome this predicament is to reduce the Pt content by a factor of ten by replacing the Pt-based catalysts with non-precious metal catalysts at the oxygen-reducing cathode. Fe-and Co-based electrocatalysts for this reaction have been studied for over 50 years, but they were insufficiently active for the high efficiency and power density needed for transportation fuel cells. Recently, several breakthroughs occurred that have increased the activity and durability of non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs), which can now be regarded as potential competitors to Pt-based catalysts. This review focuses on the new synthesis methods that have led to these breakthroughs. A modeling analysis is also conducted to analyze the improvements required from NPMC-based cathodes to match the performance of Pt-based cathodes, even at high current density. While no further breakthrough in volume-specific activity of NPMCs is required, incremental improvements of the volume-specific activity and effective protonic conductivity within the fuel-cell cathode are necessary. Regarding durability, NPMCs with the best combination of durability and activity result in ca. 3 times lower fuel cell performance than the most active NPMCs at 0.80 V. Thus, major tasks will be to combine durability with higher activity, and also improve durability at cell voltages greater than 0.60 V.