Training-specific functional, neural, and hypertrophic adaptations to explosive- vs. sustained-contraction strength training
Training-specific functional, neural, and hypertrophic adaptations to explosive- vs. sustained-contraction strength training
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DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00091.2016
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Folland, Jonathan P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balshaw, Thomas G.;Massey, Garry J.;Folland, Jonathan P.
训练特异性被认为对力量训练很重要，尽管对不同类型训练的功能和基础生理适应，包括短暂的爆发性收缩，知之甚少。本研究比较了12周爆发性收缩（ECT, n = 13）与持续收缩（SCT, n = 16）力量训练与对照组（n = 14）对健康年轻男性的功能、神经、肥厚和内在收缩特征的影响。训练包括40次等距膝关节伸展重复（3次/周）：尽可能快速和用力地收缩大约1秒（ECT）或逐渐增加到最大自主扭矩（MVT）的75%，然后保持3秒（SCT）。训练前后分别量化最大收缩和爆发性收缩时的扭矩和肌电图，诱发八头肌收缩时的扭矩和总股四头肌体积（QUADS(VOL)）。SCT后MVT比ECT增加更多[23比17%；效应量(ES) = 0.69]，神经驱动也有类似的增加，但SCT后QUADS（VOL）的变化更大（8.1 vs. 2.6%; ES = 0.74）。ECT提高了各时间点的爆炸扭矩(17-34%;0.54
Training specificity is considered important for strength training, although the functional and underpinning physiological adaptations to different types of training, including brief explosive contractions, are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of 12 wk of explosive-contraction (ECT, n = 13) vs. sustained-contraction (SCT, n = 16) strength training vs. control (n = 14) on the functional, neural, hypertrophic, and intrinsic contractile characteristics of healthy young men. Training involved 40 isometric knee extension repetitions (3 times/wk): contracting as fast and hard as possible for similar to 1 s (ECT) or gradually increasing to 75% of maximum voluntary torque (MVT) before holding for 3 s (SCT). Torque and electromyography during maximum and explosive contractions, torque during evoked octet contractions, and total quadriceps muscle volume (QUADS(VOL)) were quantified pre and post training. MVT increased more after SCT than ECT [23 vs. 17%; effect size (ES) = 0.69], with similar increases in neural drive, but greater QUADS(VOL) changes after SCT (8.1 vs. 2.6%; ES = 0.74). ECT improved explosive torque at all time points (17-34%; 0.54