On How to Be Flexible (or Not): Modulation of the Stability-Flexibility Balance
On How to Be Flexible (or Not): Modulation of the Stability-Flexibility Balance
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721418800030
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Froeber, Kerstin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dreisbach, Gesine;Froeber, Kerstin
在不断变化的环境中，目标导向的行为需要在两种对立的控制模式之间保持动态平衡：一方面，目标需要保持和屏蔽分心（稳定性），另一方面，目标需要放松，并在发生重大变化时灵活更新（灵活性）。这种稳定性-灵活性平衡的失调可能导致过度僵化或过度分散注意力的行为，因此了解这种平衡是如何以一种对环境敏感的适应性方式进行调节的非常重要。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了最近的证据，积极的影响，奖励前景，任务背景如何调节稳定性和灵活性的平衡。两个不同的认知机制将被讨论：灵活性可能会导致降低工作记忆中的更新阈值或保持多个任务在工作记忆中活跃。重要的是，这两种机制允许不同的（可测试的）预测：虽然降低更新阈值应该缓解工作记忆中的新信息的访问，从而增加一般的灵活性，并发任务激活应该只增加相应任务之间的灵活性。
Goal-directed behavior in a constantly changing environment requires a dynamic balance between two antagonistic modes of control: On the one hand, goals need to be maintained and shielded from distraction (stability), and on the other hand, goals need to be relaxed and flexibly updated whenever significant changes occur (flexibility). A dysregulation of this stability-flexibility balance can result in overly rigid or overly distractible behavior, and it is therefore important to understand how this balance is regulated in a context-sensitive, adaptive manner. In the present article, we review recent evidence on how positive affect, reward prospect, and task context modulate the stability-flexibility balance. Two distinct underlying cognitive mechanisms will be discussed: Flexibility may result either from lowering the updating threshold in working memory or from keeping multiple tasks active in working memory. Critically, these two mechanisms allow different (testable) predictions: Whereas lowering the updating threshold should ease the access of new information in working memory and thereby increase flexibility in general, concurrent task activation should only increase flexibility between the respective tasks.