The High Command of the Red Army
The High Command of the Red Army
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红军最高统帅部
DOI：
10.2307/125269
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发表时间：
1942
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Berchin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Berchin
俄国战争的最高指挥权掌握在约瑟夫·斯大林手中。他是苏联所有军事力量的总司令，国防人民委员，最后但并非最不重要的是，最高战争理事会主席。这个理事会由十一个成员组成，在指导战争方面起着极其重要的作用。总参谋长鲍里斯·沙伊尼科夫元帅是斯大林在所有军事问题上的特别顾问。根据苏联宪法，战争与和平的问题属于最高苏维埃（苏联议会）的职权范围。在最高苏维埃闭会期间，它的主席团享有这种特权，并有权在紧急情况下宣战。最高苏维埃主席团还负责红军最高统帅部的任命、任免和变更。Sovnarkom决定每年的征兵范围，以及与军队内部结构有关的问题。国防委员会控制着联邦的所有军事力量、总参谋部和红军的政治部。为了防御的目的，苏联的领土划分为若干军区，每个军区由三人委员会领导，其中一人是军区司令。简短的素描遵循的特点和职业生涯的最杰出的成员苏联最高统帅部。
T HE supreme direction of Russia's war effort is in the hands of Joseph Stalin. He is the Commander in Chief of all the military forces of the U.S.S.R., the People's Commissar for Defense, and, last but not least, Chairman of the Supreme War Council. This Council, consisting of eleven members, plays an extremely important part in the direction of the war. The chief of the General Staff, Marshal Boris Shaposhnikov, holds the post of Stalin's special adviser on all military matters. According to the Soviet Constitution, the question of war and peace is among the prerogatives of the Supreme Soviet (the Soviet Parliament). In the intervals between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, its praesidium enjoys that prerogative, and is entitled, in emergency, to declare war. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet is also entrusted with appointments of the High Command of the Red Army, dismissals, and changes. The Sovnarkom decides the extent of the yearly draft into the army, and also questions connected with the internal structure of the army. The Commissariat of Defense controls all the military forces of the Union, the General Staff, and the Political Department of the Red Army. The territory of the U.S.S.R. is divided, for the purposes of defense, into a number of military districts, each of them headed by a committee of three, one of whom is the Commander of the Military District. Short sketches follow of the characteristics and careers of the most distinguished members of the Soviet High Command.