PIN polar targeting
PIN polar targeting
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.108.121756
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Friml, Jiri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feraru, Elena;Friml, Jiri
细胞极性是多细胞生物体的基本属性之一，与细胞分裂、分化、细胞信号和细胞间通讯等过程密切相关。单个细胞的极性由细胞分裂传递，反映在组织和器官水平上，并对多细胞有机体的整体形状做出贡献。此外，在植物中，细胞极性提供了一种手段，通过灵活地重新定义细胞极性，维持发育的连续性，并使其发育最佳地符合环境条件。因此，细胞极性的建立和维持机制属于发育生物学和细胞生物学的重要主题。在单个细胞水平上，极性反映在细胞内成分的不对称分布上，如细胞器、细胞骨架链和单一蛋白质。这种细胞内成分的不对称分布定义了功能和/或形态上不同的结构域(Bonifacino和Lippincott-Schwartz，2003)。在不同的模式生物中，包括哺乳动物、苍蝇、蠕虫和酵母，已经广泛研究了细胞内货物分类递送到这些区域并因此有助于细胞极性的产生或维持的机制(Knoblich，2000；Irazoqui和Lew，2004；Nance，2005)。动物上皮细胞是一种首选的模型系统，因为它们的质膜(PM)被分为两个不同的区域，面对管腔的顶端区域和基底外侧区域(Mostov等人，2003；Janssens和Chavrier，2004)。顶端和基底侧面的选择性募集是通过靶向这些结构域实现的，其结果主要来自三个过程：(1)新合成的蛋白质在到达PM的途中(主要是在跨高尔基网络中)被分拣成囊泡，这些囊泡区别地将它们输送到根尖或基底外侧表面；(2)其他蛋白质被选择性地
Cell polarity is one of the fundamental properties of multicellular organisms and is tightly linked with processes such as cell division, differentiation, cellular signaling, and intercellular communication. Polarities of individual cells, transmitted by cell divisions, are reflected at the tissue and organ levels and contribute to the overall shape of the multicellular organism. In addition, in plants, cell polarity provides means by which they maintain developmental continuity and adapt their development to optimally conform to environmental conditions by flexible redefinition of cell polarities. Thus, the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity belong to the important themes of developmental and cell biology.At the level of the individual cell, polarity is mirrored by the asymmetric distribution of intracellular components, such as organelles, cytoskeletal strands, and single proteins. This asymmetric distribution of intracellular components defines functionally and/or morphologically distinct domains (Bonifacino and Lippincott-Schwartz, 2003). Mechanisms that underlie the sorted delivery of intracellular cargos to these domains and thus contribute to the generation or maintenance of cell polarity have been extensively studied in different model organisms, including mammals, flies, worms, and yeast (Knoblich, 2000; Irazoqui and Lew, 2004; Nance, 2005). Animal epithelial cells are a preferred model system, because their plasma membrane (PM) is divided into two distinct domains, the apical domain facing the lumen and the basolateral domain (Mostov et al., 2003; Janssens and Chavrier, 2004). Selective recruitment of apical and basolateral cargos is achieved by their targeted delivery to these domains and results mainly from three processes:(1) newly synthesized proteins are sorted on their way to the PM (mainly in the trans-Golgi network) into vesicles that discriminately deliver them to the apical or basolateral surface;(2) other proteins are selectively