Formation of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Materials Causes Parallel Brittle‐Viscous Flow of Crustal Rocks: Experiments on Quartz‐Feldspar Aggregates

Formation of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Materials Causes Parallel Brittle‐Viscous Flow of Crustal Rocks: Experiments on Quartz‐Feldspar Aggregates
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纳米晶和非晶材料的形成导致平行脆性——地壳岩石的粘性流动:石英——长石集合体的实验

DOI:
10.1029/2020jb021262
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Al Nasser, Saleh
Al Nasser, Saleh
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pec, Matej;Al Nasser, Saleh

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岩石圈中的脆性-粘性转变发生在许多大地震发生的区域。为了研究这种转变,我们剪切了具有不同比例的石英和钾长石的双矿物聚集体。我们在恒定位移速率或恒定载荷边界条件下,在温度 T= 750°C 和压力 Pc= 800 MPa 的固体介质变形装置中使样品变形。在恒定的位移速率下,样品达到高剪切应力(τ= 0.4–1 GPa,具体取决于矿物比例),然后减弱。在恒定载荷下,应变率对低于 τ≈ 400 MPa 的应力表现出较低的敏感性,随后在较高应力下表现出较高的应力敏感性(应力指数,n= 9–13),与矿物比例无关。应变沿 C 和 C' 方向的“滑移区”局部化。滑移区的材料表现出极大的粒度减小和流动特性。在峰值强度时,1-2 vol% 的样品由又直又短的滑移区组成。随着应变的增加,滑移带变得网状和分支,并占据高达9 vol%;这种发展伴随着样品的应变减弱。滑移带界定了较大的碎裂透镜体,形成较弱的叶状结构。我们的结果表明,应变局部化导致滑移区岩石的微观结构从结晶固体转变为流体状材料。测量的流变响应是滑移区中的粘性流和粗粒透镜体中的碎裂流的组合,并且可以建模为与粘性缓冲器并联的摩擦滑块。
The brittle‐viscous transition in the lithosphere occurs in a region where many large earthquakes nucleate. To study this transition, we sheared bimineralic aggregates with varying ratio of quartz and potassium feldspar. We deformed the samples in a solid‐medium deformation apparatus at temperature,T= 750°C and pressure,Pc= 800 MPa under either constant displacement rate or constant load boundary conditions. Under constant displacement rate, samples reach high shear stress (τ= 0.4–1 GPa depending on mineral ratio) and then weaken. Under constant load, the strain rate shows low sensitivity to stress belowτ≈ 400 MPa, followed by a higher stress sensitivity (stress exponent,n= 9–13) at higher stresses irrespective of mineral ratio. Strain is localized along “slip zones” in a C and C′ orientation. The material in the slip zones shows extreme grain size reduction and flow features. At peak strength, 1–2 vol% of the sample is composed of slip zones that are straight and short. With increasing strain, the slip zones become anastomosing and branching and occupy up to 9 vol%; this development is concomitant with strain‐weakening of the sample. Slip zones delimit larger cataclastic lenses, which develop a weak foliation. Our results suggest that strain localization leads to microstructural transformation of the rocks from a crystalline solid to a fluid‐like material in the slip zones. The measured rheological response is a combination of viscous flow in the slip zones and cataclastic flow in coarser‐grained lenses and can be modeled as a frictional slider coupled in parallel with a viscous dashpot.
DOI: --
发表时间: 2020
期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子: --
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