Mortality among health-conscious elderly Californians.
Mortality among health-conscious elderly Californians.
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注重健康的加州老年人的死亡率。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.79.19.6023
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pauling,L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enstrom,JE;Pauling,L
为了获得关于维生素补充剂使用者死亡率的流行病学证据，对479名加利福尼亚老年人进行了一项前瞻性研究，调查问卷于1974年发表在《预防》杂志上，这是一本提倡使用维生素补充剂的健康杂志。根据1974年和1977年获得的自我报告问卷数据，这一队列确实消耗了大量的维生素和矿物质补充剂。此外，这群人相当注重健康，近年来似乎采取了“预防生活方式”。例如，这些人主要是不吸烟者，尽管大约50%以前吸烟。他们中的大多数人吃肉、家禽或鱼，但要适量;他们只摄入适量的酒精、全脂牛奶、白色面包、盐和糖。他们的社会经济地位略高于全国平均水平。由于这一群体在许多方面不同于一般人群，因此很难将可能影响其健康的各种因素分开。在6年的随访中，共发生107例死亡。根据与1977年美国白人的比较，男性的标准化死亡率为78%，女性为54%，男女合计为68%。所有三个SMR值均显著小于100%（P <0.05）。男女合计，癌症的SMR为86%，全部心血管疾病的SMR为62%，所有其他原因的SMR为73%。只有心血管SMR显著低于100%。男性的死亡率与其他健康非吸烟问卷受访者报告的死亡率大致相同。而女性的死亡率明显低于男性（P <0.01）。1974年提出的问题与随后的死亡率之间唯一值得注意的关系是那些表明与不活动、心脏病以及非常低和非常高的维生素E摄入水平相关的死亡率较高的问题。对于这个高度选择的队列，总体“预防生活方式”似乎是健康的，但由于维生素摄入量本身高，队列的总死亡率没有明显降低。
In an attempt to obtain epidemiologic evidence regarding the mortality rate among vitamin supplement users, a prospective study was made of 479 elderly Californian respondents to a 1974 questionnaire carried in Prevention, a health magazine that advocates vitamin supplement usage. Based on self-reported questionnaire data obtained in 1974 and 1977, this cohort does indeed consume large quantities of vitamin and mineral supplements. In addition, the cohort is quite health conscious and appears to have taken up a "Prevention life-style" in recent years. For instance, these individuals are primarily nonsmokers, although about 50% formerly smoked cigarettes. Most of them eat meat, poultry, or fish but do so in moderation; and they consume only modest amounts of alcohol, whole milk, white bread, salt, and sugar. Their socioeconomic status is somewhat higher than the national average. Because this group differs from the general population in many ways it is difficult to separate the various factors that might influence their health. During 6 years of follow-up, a total of 107 deaths occurred. Based on comparison with 1977 United States whites, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is 78% for the males, 54% for the females, and 68% for both sexes combined. All three SMR values are significantly less than 100% (P less than 0.05). For both sexes combined, the SMR is 86% for cancer, 62% for total cardiovascular diseases, and 73% for all other causes. Only the cardiovascular SMR is significantly lower than 100%. The death rate for the males is approximately the same as that reported among other healthy nonsmoking questionnaire respondents. but the death rate for females is significantly less (P less than 0.01). The only notable relationships between questions asked in 1974 and subsequent mortality are those indicating a higher mortality rate associated with inactivity, heart trouble, and very low and very high levels of vitamin E intake. For this highly selected cohort, the overall "Prevention life-style" appears to be a healthy one, but the cohort experiences no clear reduction in total mortality because of high levels of vitamin intake per se.
癌症和维生素 C：讨论癌症的性质、原因、预防和治疗，特别提及维生素 C 的价值
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
E. Cameron;L. Pauling
通讯作者：
L. Pauling