Natural variants of human SARM1 cause both intrinsic and dominant loss-of-function influencing axon survival.

Natural variants of human SARM1 cause both intrinsic and dominant loss-of-function influencing axon survival.
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人类 SARM1 的自然变异会导致影响轴突存活的内在和显性功能丧失。

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-18052-8
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发表时间:
2022-08-16
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Gilley, Jonathan
Gilley, Jonathan
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ademi, Mirlinda;Yang, Xiuna;Coleman, Michael P.;Gilley, Jonathan

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SARM1是程序性轴突死亡的主要执行者,这一作用需要内在的NAD(P)酶或相关酶活性。SARM1的完全缺失可以有效地阻止小鼠轴突退化,但即使是部分缺失也能提供有意义的保护。由于轴突损失在很大程度上促进了多种神经退行性疾病的发生和进展,因此在某些情况下,较低的固有SARM1活性有望降低疾病的易感性。因此,我们研究了人类群体中是否存在编码功能丧失的SARM1变异的自然存在的SARM1等位基因。在我们选择作为候选的18种天然SARM1编码变体中,我们发现10种在三种互补分析中表现出功能丧失:它们不能在转染的HEK 293T细胞中大量消耗NAD;它们缺乏组成型和nmn诱导的NADase活性;它们不能促进原代神经元的轴突退化。在内源性野生型SARM1存在的情况下,这些变体中的两种也能够阻断原代培养神经元的轴突退化,这表明显性功能丧失。这些结果表明,SARM1功能丧失变异在人群中自然发生,我们提出这些等位基因的携带者对各种神经系统疾病的易感性会有不同程度的降低。
SARM1 is a central executioner of programmed axon death, and this role requires intrinsic NAD(P)ase or related enzyme activity. A complete absence of SARM1 robustly blocks axon degeneration in mice, but even a partial depletion confers meaningful protection. Since axon loss contributes substantially to the onset and progression of multiple neurodegenerative disorders, lower inherent SARM1 activity is expected to reduce disease susceptibility in some situations. We, therefore, investigated whether there are naturally occurring SARM1 alleles within the human population that encode SARM1 variants with loss-of-function. Out of the 18 natural SARM1 coding variants we selected as candidates, we found that 10 display loss-of-function in three complimentary assays: they fail to robustly deplete NAD in transfected HEK 293T cells; they lack constitutive and NMN-induced NADase activity; and they fail to promote axon degeneration in primary neuronal cultures. Two of these variants are also able to block axon degeneration in primary culture neurons in the presence of endogenous, wild-type SARM1, indicative of dominant loss-of-function. These results demonstrate that SARM1 loss-of-function variants occur naturally in the human population, and we propose that carriers of these alleles will have different degrees of reduced susceptibility to various neurological conditions.
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