Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review.
Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bitran, Debbie
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文献类型：
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作者：
McLaughlin, Katie A;Weissman, David;Bitran, Debbie
在过去的十年里，出现了大量关于儿童逆境和神经发育的文献。我们评估了两个概念模型的逆境和神经发育的维度模型的逆境和压力加速模型，在109项研究中使用基于MRI的措施，在儿童和青少年的神经结构和功能的系统性回顾。与维度模型一致，在大多数研究中，暴露于威胁的儿童杏仁核、内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）和海马体积减少，杏仁核对威胁的激活增加;这些模式在暴露于剥夺的儿童中并不一致。相比之下，额顶叶区的体积减少和功能改变，观察一贯暴露于剥夺，但没有儿童暴露于威胁的儿童。杏仁核-mPFC回路加速发育的证据有限，但在其他神经发育指标中出现。在绘制逆境的神经发育后果方面的进展需要更大的样本，纵向设计和更精确的逆境评估。
An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment-the dimensional model of adversity and stress acceleration model-in a systematic review of 109 studies using MRI-based measures of neural structure and function in children and adolescents. Consistent with the dimensional model, children exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampal volume and heightened amygdala activation to threat in a majority of studies; these patterns were not observed consistently in children exposed to deprivation. In contrast, reduced volume and altered function in frontoparietal regions were observed consistently in children exposed to deprivation but not children exposed to threat. Evidence for accelerated development in amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited but emerged in other metrics of neurodevelopment. Progress in charting neurodevelopmental consequences of adversity requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, and more precise assessments of adversity.