CYTOKINES AND AIRWAY INFLAMMATION
CYTOKINES AND AIRWAY INFLAMMATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb39791.x
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HOLGATE, ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HOWARTH, PH;BRADDING, P;HOLGATE, ST
细胞因子是由一个细胞释放的低分子量糖蛋白，其自身（自分泌）或另一个细胞群（旁分泌）具有活性以改变细胞功能。因此，它们介导免疫系统细胞之间以及这些细胞与非炎性结构细胞之间的通信。细胞因子最初是根据其功能活性进行描述的，但现在已被分类为各种家族。在家庭中的数字定位反映了他们的发现顺序。随着人们对细胞因子具有多种生物学作用的认识，沿着越来越多的细胞因子基因和基因簇的鉴定。然而.他质疑目前这些分类的合理性。白细胞介素编号为1至13。最近鉴定的白细胞介素-I3（IL-13）在染色体Sq上遗传编码，与IL-3、IL-4的基因成簇。IL-S和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子。与过敏性气道炎症相关的所有细胞因子。干扰素（IFN）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）与白细胞介素相似，但被单独分类。Chernokines也是如此，Chernokines是最近发现的小分子量细胞因子的扩展家族。如受调节的和正常的T淋巴细胞表达和分泌（RANTES）。它们共享许多属性。集落刺激因子作用于未成熟的造血细胞以促进生长，同时也对成熟细胞群体施加增殖作用并具有白细胞介素样活性。虽然产生了单一细胞因子的修饰可能提供疾病过程的全面控制的希望，但现在认识到细胞因子表现出多效性和多重作用，并且不同的细胞因子既协同又拮抗地相互作用。因此，在系统中存在冗余，并且在任何一个时间的净效应将取决于细胞因子表达的局部平衡。这在B细胞调节IgE产生的情况下是明显的。虽然B细胞IgE合成的起始依赖于IL-4，但IL-5、IL-6和IL-13也能增强B细胞IgE合成，而干扰素（IFN）γ、IL-8则对抗这些细胞因子的作用。和IL-12。这些细胞因子在任何一个时间对B细胞的相对调节决定了IgE mRNA的基因表达的激活或抑制之间的净平衡。
Cytokines are low-molecular-weight glycoproteins released by one cell and active either on themselves (autocrine) or on another cell population (paracrine) to modify cell function. They thus mediate communication both between cells of the immune system and between these cells and noninflammatory structural cells. Cytokines were originally described on the basis of their functional activity, but are now classified into a variety of families. the numerical positioning in the families reflecting their order ofdiscovery. The increasing identification ofcytokine genes and gene clusters along with the realization that cytokines often have multiple biological actions has. however. questioned the rationale of these present classifications. The interleukins are numbered 1 to 13. with the recently identified interleukin-I3 (IL-13)’genetically encoded for chromosome Sq clustered with the genes for IL-3, IL-4. IL-S, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor.’all cytokines relevant to allergic airways inflammation. The interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) are similar to the interleukins but are classified separately. as are the chernokines, an expanding family of recently discovered small molecular-weight cytokines. such as regulated and normal T-lymphocytes expressed and secreted (RANTES). which share many properties. Colony stimulating factors act on immature haemopoietic cells to enhance growth while also exerting proliferative actions on mature cell populations and possessing interleu kinli ke activity.While the discovery of cytokines that regulate cell function relevant to airway inflammation, and thus clinical disease expression. generated the hope that modification of a single cytokine might provide global control of the disease process, it is now appreciated that cytokines exhibit both pleotropy and multiplicity of actions and that differing cytokines interact both synergistically and antagonistically. There is thus redundancy in the system and the net effect at any one time will depend upon the local balance of cytokine expression. This is evident with the regulation of IgE production by B-cells. Although the initiation of B-cell IgE synthesis is dependent upon IL-4, it is also enhanced by 1L-5, IL-6, and 1L-13, whereas the actions of these cytokines are opposed by interferon (IFN) y, IL-8. and IL-I2.’.’-’The relative regulation of B-cells by these cytokines at any one time determines the net balance between activation or repression of gene expression for IgE mRNA.