Overview of Solid Backfilling Technology Based on Coal-Waste Underground Separation in China
Overview of Solid Backfilling Technology Based on Coal-Waste Underground Separation in China
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DOI：
10.3390/su11072118
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Qiang Zhang;Jixiong Zhang;Zhongya Wu;Yang Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qiang Zhang;Jixiong Zhang;Zhongya Wu;Yang Chen
中国是世界上最大的煤炭生产国。然而，大规模煤炭开采导致地表沉降、煤矸石堆积等严重的环境污染问题。煤矸石排放量已居世界第一，煤矿企业面临巨大的减排压力。本文综述了固体充填开采技术的研究进展，阐述了实施地下煤矸石分类的现实需求和意义。重点介绍了选择性破碎法、重介质浅槽法、振动辅助跳汰法、全尺寸水分离法和射线识别法等常用井下煤矸石分选方法的技术原理、系统和关键设备。此外，提出了井下煤矸石分选方法的选择步骤、大断面分选硐室的设计流程以及分选与充填系统的设计原则，最后提出了煤矿开采的采-分-充填+X方案。将采-离-充填技术与沿空留巷无底柱开采、瓦斯抽采、固废处理、水保护开采、建筑物、铁路、水体下开采等技术相结合，形成采-离-充填+设置矿柱、瓦斯抽放、处理、保护和防治的一体化开采方法。并结合平煤二号具体工程案例，介绍了“采-选-充填+瓦斯抽采”技术的整体思路、系统布置、分离设备及实际工程应用效果。 12个煤矿。研究结果表明，地下煤矸石分离与固体充填技术相结合，可实现减少煤矸石排放、地下冲洗和控制地表沉降。有效实现绿色采矿。
China is the world’s largest coal producer country. However, large-scale coal mining has led to severe environmental pollution issues such as surface subsidence and gangue piling up. The gangue discharging amount has ranked the first in the world and coal mine enterprises are facing enormous discharging reduction pressure. This paper summarizes the research progress of the solid backfilling mining technology and then illustrates the realistic demands and significance of implementing underground coal-waste separation. It also focuses on the technical principles, systems and key equipment of the common underground coal-waste separation methods, such as the selective crushing method, the dense medium shallow groove method, the vibro-assisted jigging method and full-size water separation method and ray identification method. In addition, the selection steps of underground coal-waste separation method, the design process of large section separation chamber and the design principle of separation and backfilling system are proposed, finally, the mining-separating-backfilling + X for coal mining is put forward. By combining the technology of mining-separating-backfilling with other technologies, such as gob-side entry retaining with non-pillar mining, gas extraction, solid waste treatment, water protection mining, mining under buildings, railways and water bodies, the integrated mining methods, mining-separating-backfilling + setting pillars, gas drainage, treatment, protection and prevention methods are formed. It also introduced the ‘mining-separating-backfilling + gas extraction’ technology’s whole idea, system arrangement, separation equipment and practical engineering application effects based on the specific engineering case of pingmei no. 12 coal mine. The results indicate that the integration of underground coal-waste separation and solid backfilling technology could achieve gangue discharging reduction, underground washing and surface subsidence control. It is effective at realizing green mining.