Public Administration in Contested Societies
Public Administration in Contested Societies
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竞争社会中的公共行政
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发表时间：
2014
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. O’Connor
中科院分区：
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作者：
K. O’Connor
冲突管理长期以来一直是社会科学家、城市规划者和具有社区意识的公民所关注的问题。虽然存在不同的管理民族或民族语言紧张局势的机制，但很少有研究促进我们对冲突实际上是如何管理的理解-换句话说，对民族和平的研究。在这项研究中，我借鉴了两个不同的种族和平的例子：贝尔法斯特和布鲁塞尔的经验，期望其他有争议的城市，有一天可能会考虑权力分享作为一种治理形式，如基尔库克，耶路撒冷，尼科西亚或莫斯塔尔，可能会从已被归类为成功的权力分享网站学习。虽然有少数民族和平的研究，更少的研究再次试图了解精英阶层的官僚在维持这种和平的作用。本论文填补了这一空白的文献，调查的政治家，官僚的关系内有争议的城市环境中的两个不同的联合机制。本文通过确定受访者的核心信念，确定了官僚精英的自由裁量权的范围，并进一步确定了这种自由裁量权是如何被使用的。在方法论上，本文借鉴了多方法的方法，包括半结构化访谈和一种在心理学中已经建立但在政治学中相对较新的方法：Q方法。实证结果表明，官僚精英影响冲突管理过程。虽然官僚主义者被发现有许多共同的核心治理信念，也可以确定一些类别的协会。这些类别不是基于一个主要的身份，而是一个次要的学习身份。因此，调查结果还表明，在有争议的社会的公共行政部门中，专业或社会依恋可以取代主要依恋。在许多情况下，官僚们被发现积极地代表这些次要的学习依恋，而不是他们的主要身份。调查结果定义的官僚活动，在两个民族和平的情况下，以及促进积极代表性的文献。此外，有人建议，如果政治层面的权力分享协议是可持续的，官僚在冲突管理过程中的作用需要更多的学术关注。
The management of conflict has long been of concern to social scientists, urban planners and community-minded citizens. While differing mechanisms of managing ethno-national or ethno-linguistic tensions exist, few studies advance our understanding of how conflicts are actually managed – in other words, the study of ethnic peace. In this study I draw on the experiences of two differing examples of ethnic peace: Belfast and Brussels, in the expectation that other contested cities that may one day consider power-sharing as a form of governance such as Kirkuk, Jerusalem, Nicosia or Mostar, may learn from what have been categorised as sites of successful power-sharing. While there are few studies of ethnic peace, fewer studies again seek to understand the role of the elite level bureaucrat in sustaining this peace. This dissertation fills this gap in the literature, investigating the politician-bureaucrat relationship within the contested urban environment of two differing mechanisms of consociationalism. The dissertation ascertains the extent of discretion available to the bureaucratic elite and further, through determining core beliefs of interviewees, establishes how this discretion is employed. Methodologically, the dissertation draws on a multi-method approach, consisting of semi-structured interviews and a method well established in Psychology but relative new to Political Science: Q Methodology. The empirical findings show that the bureaucratic elite influence the conflict management process. While bureaucrats are found to share a number of core governance beliefs, a number of categories of association can also be identified. These categories are not based on a primary identity, but a secondary learned identity. The findings therefore also propose that a professional or societal attachment can supersede a primary attachment within the public administration of a contested society. In a number of instances, bureaucrats are found to actively represent these secondary learned attachments over their primary identities. The findings define bureaucratic activity in two instances of ethnic peace, as well as contributing to the literature on active representation. Moreover, it is suggested that the role of the bureaucrat in the conflict management process requires much more scholarly attention if political level power-sharing agreements are to be sustainable.