Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules.
Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.00019
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Guerriero G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andre CM;Hausman JF;Guerriero G
的大麻是一种重要的草本植物，原产于中亚，自古以来就被用于民间医药和纺织纤维的来源。这种快速生长的植物最近因其多用途应用而重新引起人们的兴趣：它确实是植物化学物质的宝库，也是纤维素和木质纤维的丰富来源。对这种植物同样高度感兴趣的是制药和建筑行业，因为其代谢产物对人类健康表现出强大的生物活性，其外部和内部茎组织可分别用于制造生物塑料和混凝土类材料。在这篇综述中，大麻植物化学物质的丰富频谱进行了讨论，特别强调工业利益的分子，包括大麻素，萜烯和酚类化合物，及其生物合成途径。大麻素代表了研究最多的化合物组，主要是由于它们在人类中的广泛药物作用，包括精神活性。一些萜烯和酚类化合物，特别是芪类和木脂素的治疗和商业利益，也突出了鉴于最新的文献数据。通过对植物基因工程和组织培养技术的探讨，提出了利用生物技术提高大麻次生代谢产物产量和生物活性的途径。特别是两个系统进行审查，即，细胞悬浮液和发根培养物。此外，整个部分致力于大麻毛状体，鉴于其作为植物化学工厂的重要性。最后，展望了与使用组学技术（如代谢组学和转录组学）有关的益处，以加快从生物工程大麻细胞培养物中鉴定和大规模生产先导药物。
Cannabis sativa L. is an important herbaceous species originating from Central Asia, which has been used in folk medicine and as a source of textile fiber since the dawn of times. This fast-growing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multi-purpose applications: it is indeed a treasure trove of phytochemicals and a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers. Equally highly interested in this plant are the pharmaceutical and construction sectors, since its metabolites show potent bioactivities on human health and its outer and inner stem tissues can be used to make bioplastics and concrete-like material, respectively. In this review, the rich spectrum of hemp phytochemicals is discussed by putting a special emphasis on molecules of industrial interest, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds, and their biosynthetic routes. Cannabinoids represent the most studied group of compounds, mainly due to their wide range of pharmaceutical effects in humans, including psychotropic activities. The therapeutic and commercial interests of some terpenes and phenolic compounds, and in particular stilbenoids and lignans, are also highlighted in view of the most recent literature data. Biotechnological avenues to enhance the production and bioactivity of hemp secondary metabolites are proposed by discussing the power of plant genetic engineering and tissue culture. In particular two systems are reviewed, i.e., cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Additionally, an entire section is devoted to hemp trichomes, in the light of their importance as phytochemical factories. Ultimately, prospects on the benefits linked to the use of the -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics to speed up the identification and the large-scale production of lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell culture, are presented.